Roman
History
Timeline
Roman
Prehistory/Mythological
BC
• 1200
Legendary fall of Troy – Aeneas
escapes/Aeneas lands in Italy and wars with
Latin tribes
• 753Legendary founding of Rome – by
Romulus
Aeneas Fleeing
Rome
He is carrying his father, Anchises.
Romulus and Remus
Roman Monarchy
BC
• 753 Romulus – 1st King –Founded Senate 100 men (Patres)
• 715 Numa Pompilius – 2nd King – built first temples in Rome
• 672 Tullus Hostilius -3rd King – built Senate House (Curia)
• 640 Ancus Martius – 4th King – built Ostia, 1st bridge across Tiber
• 616 Tarquinius Priscus 5th King – Etruscan born - built Cloaca
Maxima, Circus Maximus
• 578 Servius Tullius – Etruscan - founded Democratic assemblies
• 534 Tarquinius Superbus –7th King - Etruscan - tyrannical
• 509 Romans overthrow Etruscan kings, Establishes a Republic
Circus Maximus
Tarquinius
Superbus
!
Roman Republic
Early Republic
BC
• 509
Beginning of Republic with elected officials
• 451
Twelve Tables – Roman law
• 390
Gauls sack Rome
• 275
Rome controls most of the Italian peninsula
Scary Gauls
Roman Republic
Middle Republic
BC
• 264
264- 149 Punic Wars against
Carthaginians, Carthage eventually destroyed
• 133
Romans control Mediterranean coasts of
Spain, France, Greec, Turkey, N. Africa
• 83
1st Civil War – Marius and Sulla
Hannibal and His
Elephants
Roman Republic
Late Republic
BC
• 60
1st Triumvirate – Julius Caesar, Pompey, and
Crassus/ Gallic Wars 58-49
• 49
2nd Civil War – Julius Caesar & Pompey
• 44
Julius Caesar assassinated by Senators – 3rd
Civil War Octavian & Marc Antony
Julius Caesar
!
Cleopatra
Roman Empire
BC
• 27
Beginning of Empire – Octavian is named Augustus - 1st
Emperor – Pax Romana
Emperors continue expansion – invade Germany, Britain, Asia Minor,
Jerusalem
AD
• 79
• 80
• 285
Vesuvius eruption – destruction of Pompeii &
Herculaneum
Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum) finished/ Persecution
of Christians begins and continues for a couple of
centuries
Diocletian – Empire split into East and West – 2 CoEmperors
Octavian (Caesar
Augustus)
Colosseum
Roman Empire
AD
• 312
Constantine – ends persecution of
Christians -- changes capital to Constantinople
330
• 455
Barbarian invasions weaken Rome – Huns,
Vandals, and Gauls
• 476
Last Emperor of the West is overthrown - Fall of
the Western Roman Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire becomes the Byzantium
Empire – In 1453 it is conquered by the Ottoman Turks
Emperor
Constantine
Byzantine Art