Ch. 3 environment/ethics
Chapter 3
The Marketing Environment,
Ethics, and Social Responsibility
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Objectives
1. Identify the five components of the marketing environment.
2. Identify the environmental factors that affect marketing decisions and consumer buying power.
3. Identify the four levels of the social responsibility pyramid.
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Environmental Scanning
• Process of collecting information about the external marketing environment in order to identify and interpret potential trends.
• Upscale chocolate retail outlet sales grew 20% from 2005-2007
– So Mars launched Ethel’s Chocolate Lounges named for the founding matriarch of the company
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Elements of the Marketing Mix
Within an Environmental Framework
THE COUNCIL OF BETTER
BUSINESS BUREAUS (CBBB)
“OUR MISSION is to promote and foster the highest ethical relationship between businesses and the public through voluntary selfregulation, consumer and business education, and service excellence.
”
The CBBB helps in keeping the
Competitive Environment playing field level.
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Dolls to Ethnic Targets
2007
• Nickelodeon’s bilingual character
• Kmart
2007
- 1 st mass retailer with dolls in all stores
– Terry Lee dolls
– Baby Abuelita singing dolls
• special songs preserving Hispanic heritage:
El patio de mi casa, Tengo una muñeca,
A la rueda, Amambrocha
2050 – minorities 50% of U.S. residents
– 30% in 2007
• Hispanic buying power - $1.2T in 2011
• People want a doll & a story reflecting who they are
– Mattel’s American Girl with Native American, Hispanic, black historical dolls
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Major Federal Law Affecting Marketing
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Burger King ’07 Agrees to Limits on Kid-
Aimed Ads
• Join Better Business Bureau's Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative
• New product: raw apples cut to look like french fries and served in a box called the Frypod.
– Fits in car’s cupholder
– Naming influence from IPod
• May ’07 - when Jobs became the largest shareholder of Disney
– Disney ended $1 billion deal with McDonald’s to receive cash for use of its movie &cartoon
Major Federal Law Affecting Marketing
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Major Federal Law Affecting Marketing
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Four Stages in the Business Cycle
1. Prosperity Consumer spending maintains a brisk pace and buyers are willing to spend more.
2. Recessionary Periods Sales of lower-priced brands of grocery and household-goods products and private-label goods rise.
3. Depression Consumer spending sinks to its lowest level.
4. Recovery Stage The economy emerges from recession and consumer purchasing power increases.
– Caution often restrains their willingness to buy.
– As a recovery strengths, consumers become more indulgent.
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Social-Cultural Environment
• The relationship between marketing and society and its culture.
• The U.S. is becoming
– older,
– more affluent and
– more cultural diverse
Consider the
Nickelodeon web site.
What are they doing to promote cultural diversity? Is their approach socially responsible?
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Social-Cultural
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Jockey 1976
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Ethical Questions in Marketing
Product
•Planned obsolescence
•Product quality and safety
•Product warranties
•Fair packaging and labeling
•Pollution
Promotion
•Bait-and-switch advertising
•Promotional allowances
•Bribery
Ethical
Issues
Distribution
•Exclusive territories
•Dumping
•Dealer rights
•Predatory competition
Price
•Price fixing
•Price discrimination
•Price increases
•Deceptive pricing
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Competitive Advantage
• Montreal’s Cirque du Soleil
• 32 talent scouts maintain dbase of 20,000 potential additions to cast
• Each show as life of 10-12 yrs.
• Runs 5 world tours & 5 permanent shows, each with a $500M return
• 300 seamstresses, engineers, makeup artist create custom show materials
• Award-winning series on Bravo
• NikeID.com customizes:
– Lining, mesh, laces, style, shox
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Ten Steps for Corporation to Improve
Standards of Business Ethics
1.
Appoint a senior-level ethics compliance officer.
2.
Set up an ethics code capable of detecting and preventing misconduct.
3.
Distribute a written code of ethics to employees, subsidiaries, and associated companies and require all business partners to abide by it.
4.
Conduct regular ethics training programs to communicate standards and procedures.
5.
Establish systems to monitor misconduct and report grievances.
6.
Establish consistent punishment guidelines to enforce standards and codes.
7.
Encourage an open-door policy, allowing employees to report cases on misconduct without fear of retaliation.
8.
Prohibit employees with a track record of misconduct from holding positions with substantial discretionary authority.
9.
Promote ethically aware and responsible managers.
10. Continually monitor effectiveness of all ethicsrelated programs.
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Legoland competes with other theme parks in California.
When Sales Fail
• Britannica $650M revenue in 1989 from 4volume encyclopedia sets
– Sales force of 7,500
– Fell to force of 300 in 2005
• Slow to react to changing technologies
• Myopic in defining business as publishing books vs. providing information
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Time-Based Competition Strategy
Developing and distributing goods and services more quickly than competitors.
Provides for
• Flexibility and responsiveness.
• Improve product quality.
• Reduce costs.
• Expand product offerings.
• Enhance customer satisfaction.
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New Regulatory Frontier
• Cyberspace:
– How do you “police?”
– Privacy and child protection issues.
– How do you protect the consumer?
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Economic
Environment
Forces that Influence Consumer Buying Power and
Marketing Strategies
1. Business cycle
2. Inflation
3. Unemployment
4. Income
5. Resource availability
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Inflation
Rising prices caused by some combination of excess demand and increases in the costs devalues money.
Three possible outcomes:
1. consumers elect to buy now, in the belief that prices will be high later;
2. they decide to alter their purchasing patterns; or
3. They postpone certain purchases.
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The Four-Step Pyramid of
Corporate Social Responsibility
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