SOUTHERN AND EASTERN ASIA
Historical Understandings
SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and
Vietnam.
• Nationalism: belief that people should be loyal
to those with whom they share common
history, customs, origins, and sometimes
language or religion.
SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and
Vietnam.
• India
– Controlled by British until 1947
– Indians were tired of being 2nd class citizens in
their own homeland
– After World War II India was divided into 3
countries
• Hindu India
• East Pakistan
• West Pakistan
SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and
Vietnam.
• Vietnam
– French maintained control until 1954
• Surrendered control to Ho Chi Minh
– Temporarily divided into North (communist) and
South (led by U.S.)
– Did not become fully independent until 1975
when U.S. left
SS7H3 – a. Describe how nationalism led to independence in India and
Vietnam.
SS7H3 – b. Describe the impact of Mohandas Gandhi’s belief in non-violent
protest.
• Mohandas Gandhi
– Born 1869
– Indian political leader
– Believed all people deserved equality and justice
– After Amritsar he led civil disobedience
• Gave them moral advantage
• Wore the British down
• One of the most important individuals in the story of
Indian nationalism
SS7H3 – c. Explain the role of the United States in the rebuilding of Japan
after World War II.
• Reduced to rubble after war
• General MacArthur given job of putting Japan
back on its feet
– Decided they would be constitutional monarchy
– Wrote constitution called The MacArthur
Constitution
• Created 2-house parliament called Diet
• Bill of Rights guaranteeing basic freedoms
• Pledged to pay reparations (damages)
SS7H3 – d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao
Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen
Square.
• Mao Zedong: led communist (Red Army) in
civil war against the Nationalist forces
– 1949 Red Army wins and People’s Republic of
China is formed
• Great Leap Forward
– Zedong wanted to organize farms called
collectives
– Farmers had little incentive to work hard
– Failed due to famine and was abandoned in 1960
SS7H3 – d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao
Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen
Square.
• Cultural Revolution
– Zedong asked Chinese to fight class system
– Red Guards were created to remove anyone who
prevented China from being classless
– Mao wanted China to be farmers and workers,
who would all be equal
– Anyone against the revolution was put in prison
and some were killed
SS7H3 – d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao
Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen
Square.
• Tiananmen Square
– 1989 students gathered to protest communism
– Students were fired upon and demonstration was
broken up
SS7H3 – e. Explain the reasons for foreign involvement in Korea and Vietnam
in terms of containment of Communism.
• Korea
– Yalta Agreement
• U.S., Soviet Union, Great Britain agree restore order with
free elections
– Following World War II
• Soviet Union occupied North Korea (wanted communism)
• United States occupied South Korea (wanted democracy)
– U.S. felt Soviet Union had gone back on their word
• Led to Cold War
• U.S. worried about Domino Theory
SS7H3 – e. Explain the reasons for foreign involvement in Korea and Vietnam
in terms of containment of Communism.
• Vietnam
– Domino Theory led U.S. to Vietnam as well to
keep Ho Chi Minh from creating communist state
– U.S. involvement was supposed to be short but
lasted until 1975