Burgess Concentric Model
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
When was this model created? 1925
Who created the model? Ernest Burgess
What city or region is the model based on? Chicago
Where is land use highest? CBD
Why do you think people had to live where they did? transportation: horse or foot
How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? poorer people had to live w/in
walking distance from work; wealthier people could live further away from the CBD and take a
horse or the earliest cars.
Centrality: the CBD is the dominant force in a concentric zone model
Central Business District: CBD / downtown - most jobs located here in concentric zone
Zone in Transition: characterized by lowest income housing adjacent to businesses and light industry
Hoyt Sector model
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
When was this model created? late 1939
Who created the model? Homer Hoyt
What city or region is the model based on? Chicago
Where is land use highest? CBD
Why do you think people had to live where they did? income and transportation
How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? see below
Transportation Routes: the sector city is based on use of rail lines for transportation of goods and
people. Heavy rail lines run adjacent industry, low income housing and some businesses. Wealthier
people live along streetcar lines.
Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei-Model
a. When was this model created? 1945
b. Who created the model? Harris and Ullman
c. What city or region is the model based on? Chicago, North American cities
d. Where is land use highest? CBD
e. Why do you think people had to live where they did? cars and income: the wealthiest usually live
further away from CBD due to cost of car ownership
f. How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? the auto and freeways allow
people more freedom of where to live. It is no longer necessary to live close to the CBD or any place of
employment.
Nodes: different nodes of importance come to life taking away importance of the CBD. outlying
suburbs give birth to outlying business and entertainment districts as people in suburbs look to
distance themselves from the CBD
Automobile: the auto and freeways allow people more freedom of where to live. the birth of
commuting by car.
Suburbanization: cars and freeways lead to suburbanization
Galactic City Model
a.
b.
When was this model created? 1960’s
Who created the model? Chancy Harris
c. What city or region is the model based on? Detroit: North American Cities
d. Where is land use highest? CBD’s and new downtowns (you start to see an increase in edge cities)
e. Why do you think people had to live where they did? income level
f. How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? auto dependent; beltway or
ringway (people use these to avoid traffic congestion)
Edge Cities: smaller, fully functional “cities” on the periphery of major cities. edge cities have their
own employment, residential, and commercial base not dependent on the CBD.
Inner/Outer Loops: Galactic Cities have beltways or loops that ring the city.
James Vance Urban Realms Models
a. When was this model created? 1964
b. Who created the model? James Vance
c. What city or region is the model based on? San Francisco: North American cities
d. Where is land use highest? CBD an suburban downtowns
e. Why do you think people had to live where they did? Transportation, employment
f. How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? Autos allow the formation of
numerous edge cities that together form a metropolitan area
Suburban Downtown: as cities expand, suburban CBDs develop as the centrality of the original CBD
decreases due to the size of the metropolitan area
Central City versus Outer city:
Latin American City Model/South American
a. When was this model created? 1980s
b. Who created the model? Earnst Grifin and Larry Ford
c. What city or region is the model based on? mostly European cities in Latin America
d. Where is land use highest? CBD
e. Why do you think people had to live where they did? income
f. How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? n/a
Law of the Indies: laws that determined how colonies were to be run; reason for central plazas
surrounded by religious and govt buildings. They contained certain design features reflecting Roman
influence. The laws included a gridiron with rectangular blocks, a central plaza with Catholic church,
government buildings and shops, the wealthy lived close to the plaza, middle and lower further out,
walls around individual neighborhoods built around central, smaller plazas with parish churches or
monasteries.
Favela/barrio/shantytown: areas of poverty on the outer ring of Latin Am cities
Inverse concentric zone: the wealthiest live along “spines” running out from the CBD with areas of
extreme poverty on the outer edges of the city
Sub Saharan African Model
a. When was this model created? 1968
b. Who created the model? DeBlij
c. What city or region is the model based on? former colonial cities in Sub-Saharan Africa (port
cities)
d. Where is land use highest? in the 3 CBD’s
e. Why do you think people had to live where they did? tribal allegiance; people tend to live with
same tribe
f. How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? n/a
3 CBD’s-there are 3 CBD’s consisting of the remnant of colonial CBD, informal/periodic market zone,
and transitional business center
Remnant of Colonial CBD-imprints of European colonialism is seen. In this area vertical development
occurs (building up)
Informal/periodic market zone-market one tends to be open air and informal ($ does not go towards
the GDP or GNP)
traditional business center-traditional business center usually a zone of single story buildings with
some traditional architecture
Southeast Asian City Model
a. When was this model created? 1967
b. Who created the model? Terry McGee
c. What city or region is the model based on? Southeast Asia old colonial cities
d. Where is land use highest? Commercial zones
e. Why do you think people had to live where they did? they live according to income; closer to CBD
if can afford. Squatter settlements reflect growth of city
f. How does transportation play a role in the morphology of the city? n/a
Focus on port- The focus of the city was the old colonial port
Alien commercial zone-small businesses, jewelers, small shops, often dominated by ethnic Chinese or
Indian
Lack of CBD-There is no CBD; there are elements of a CBD but separate cluseters surrounding the old
colonial port zone (government zone, western commercial zone, alien commercial zone, mixed land
use zone)
Satellite cities-these were created to attract transnational corporations and promote job
growth. Governments built these up. These were new high income suburbs built to accommodate the
recent growth.
Squatter settlements-this are found in zones of disamenity throughout the city (along polluted rivers
and the edge of built up areas)
Peripheral Zone-a peripheral zone of intensive market gardening supplies and fresh produce to the
city’s markets
New Industrial Estate-location of new industries probably owned by a multinational corporation that
lies on the outskirts of the city