Naming Ionic Compounds
Chemical reactions occur when atoms
gain, lose, or share electrons.
Metals
Nonmetals
gain / accept electrons.
Nonmetals _____________
This gives them a ____ charge.
anions
Negative ions are called ___________.
_
Metals ________________
lose / donate electrons.
+ charge.
This gives them a ____
cations
Positive ions are called ___________.
Remember that the charge of an ion can be
determined by its place on the Periodic Table.
+1
+2
+3
Look for the Roman Numeral!
+4
or
-4
0
-3 -2 -1
For each elements on your notes,
predict the charge of its most
common ion using the periodic table.
-3
+1
-2
0
+2
+1
+2
-1
-3
+2
-2
+1
-1
+1
-1
0
-1
0
Rules for Naming Ions
When metals lose electrons they become ions,
but their name does not change.
Na
+
Na
sodium
sodium
electron
Mg
+2
Mg
2e
magnesium
magnesium
+
+
e
2 electrons
Rules for Naming Ions
When nonmetals gain electrons they become
ions, and their name does change.
F
+
fluorine
S
sulfur
+
e
F
electron
fluoride
2e
-2
S
2 electrons
sulfide
Rules for Naming Ions
1. The names of metals do not change.
2. Changing the name of nonmetals:
root of element name + -ide = name of ion
Examples:
The name of chlorine’s ion:
chlor- + -ide = chloride
The name of nitrogen’s ion:
nitr- + -ide = nitride
Examples of naming ions:
The name of calcium’s ion:
calcium
(The names of metals don’t change!)
The name of oxygen’s ion:
ox- + -ide = oxide
The name of aluminum’s ion:
aluminum
(The names of metals don’t change!)
Write the name of each of the
ions on your notes.
sulfide
nitride
potassium
oxide
lithium
bromide
chloride
hydrogen (+), hydride (-)
There are also ions that form after elements
have shared electrons. These ions are known
as polyatomic ions, and each polyatomic ion
already has a name.
Write the name of each of the
polyatomic ions on your notes using
your reference sheet as a guide.
sulfate
carbonate
permanganate
sulfite
hydroxide
nitrate
Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds
CaBr2
calcium bromide
Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.
Step 3: YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.
1.
NaF
sodium fluoride
3.
SrCl2
strontium chloride
5.
CaO
calcium oxide
2.
MgO
magnesium oxide
4.
Li2S
lithium sulfide
6.
KI
potassium iodide
When polyatomic ions are used, simply use
the name of the polyatomic ion in the
compound.
1.
NH4F
ammonium fluoride
3.
Mg(NO3)2
magnesium nitrate
2.
CaSO4
calcium sulfate
4.
NaOH
sodium hydroxide
Name the ionic compounds that
are found on your notes.
calcium chloride
potassium sulfide
potassium permanganate
barium oxide
ammonium chloride
cesium chloride
magnesium sulfate
sodium bromide
aluminum phosphide
You can also determine the formula of an ionic
compound from its name. To do this, you will need to
use what you already know about the Periodic Table.
magnesium iodide
+2
Mg
I
MgI2
-
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.
This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just
need to use the name of the polyatomic ion.
strontium nitrate
+2
NO3
Sr
Sr(NO3)2
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table
and the table of polyatomic ions.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.
Be very careful that you do not mix up the names
of ions. This is very common for beginners to
naming.
Decide which name goes with each ion.
-3
N
nitrate
nitride
NO3
-2
S
sulfide
sulfite
-2
SO3
phosphate
-3
P phosphide
-3
PO4
Remember that the names of transition
metals include their charge because their
charges are less predictable.
What are the charges of the transition
metals below:
Iron (II) _______
+2
+2
Copper (II) _______
Tin (IV) _______
+4
+2
Lead (II) _______
Iron (III) _______
+3
+1
Copper (I) _______
Tin (II) _______
+2
+4
Lead (IV) _______
We know they are positive because
metals are always positive.
The charges of the transition metals are important when
you are determining the formula of an ionic compound.
iron (III) oxide
+3
Fe
O
Fe2O3
-2
Step 1: Write the symbol of the cation.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the anion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table
and the roman numerals.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.
Helpful Hint:
If the ion ends in –ide, it is probably from
the periodic table. If the ion ends in –ate
or –ite, it is a polyatomic ion.
Examples:
sulfate
sulfide
sulfite
-2
S
-2
SO3
nitride
nitrite
nitrate
-3
N
NO2
NO3
SO4
-2
Write the formula of each of the ionic
compounds named on your notes.
KI
SnCl4
BaSO4
NaCl
SrS
CuCO3
AlBr3
Li3N
Naming Binary Covalent
Compounds
shared
electrons
Nonmetals
Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,
lose, or share electrons.
Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond
Nonmetals can _______
share electrons to
form a covalent bond.
molecule
This creates a ___________.
Determining if a compound is
ionic or covalent is easy.
What elements do covalent compounds
contain?
Covalent compounds
contain only nonmetals.
What elements do ionic compounds contain?
Ionic compounds
contain a metal and
a nonmetal.
Decide whether the compounds on
your notes are ionic or covalent.
C
C
I
C
I
I
Important Facts:
Because hydrogen only has 1 proton and 1 electron,
it behaves differently than any other element on
the periodic table of elements.
+
H
H
Hydrogen can
donate its 1
electron.
Hydrogen can
gain 1
electron.
H
Hydrogen can 2
share
electrons.
This means that hydrogen can act as either a
metal or a nonmetal!
There are 7 elements that exist in nature
as diatomic molecules.
What elements exist as diatomic molecules?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
There are millions of covalent compounds. These
can be classified into many different types of
compounds. Each type of compound has a different
set of rules for naming. You will be learning about
the easiest type of covalent compound to name:
Binary Covalent Compounds
Binary means 2.
Binary covalent compounds are
between 2 different nonmetals.
What does binary mean?
Nonmetals can share electrons in many different
ways. This means that two nonmetals can create
multiple compounds together.
carbon and oxygen
CO
CO2
phosphorous and chlorine
PCl3
PCl5
nitrogen and oxygen
N2O4 N2O3
Each of these contains a different ratio of elements.
Because of this, we have to make sure that the name
of the compound explains the correct ratio.
To show the
correct ratio of
elements, we
use prefixes.
Steps for Naming
Binary Covalent Compounds
N2O4
dinitrogen
nitrogen
tetroxide
oxide
Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal.
Step 2: Write the name of the second
nonmetal changing its ending to -ide.
Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of
each element are present.
Rules for Using Prefixes
Rule 1: Prefixes are only for BINARY COVALENT
compounds.
Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first
element of a binary covalent compound. Without a
prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.
Example: CO2 is carbon dioxide, and
not monocarbon dioxide.
Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before
adding it to oxide.
Example: CO is carbon monoxide,
and not carbon monooxide.
How would you write each of
the prefixes in front of oxide?
Remember: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix
before adding it to oxide. Leave -i alone.
mono- ____________
monoxide
trioxide
tri- ____________
pentoxide
penta- ____________
hepta- ____________
heptoxide
nona- ____________
nonoxide
di- ____________
dioxide
tetroxide
tetra- ____________
hexa- ____________
hexoxide
octoxide
octa- ____________
deca- ____________
decoxide
Name the binary covalent compounds
that are found on your notes.
carbon dioxide
carbon disulfide
phosphorous tribromide
phosphorous pentabromide
diphosphorous pentasulfide
dinitrogen monosulfide
silicon disulfide
nitrogen tribromide
dinitrogen tetrachloride
Because of the prefixes, it is very
easy to go from the name of a binary
covalent compound to its formula.
dinitrogen tetrafluoride
N2 F4
Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and
the subscript that matches the prefix.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal
and the subscript that matches the prefix.
Write the formulas of the binary
covalent compounds in your notes.
CCl4
PCl5
N2O
CS
BH3
S2Br6
SiS2
PI3
NCl3
IF7
N2O4
PCl3
CO
ICl
S4N4
H2O
ClF5
NO2
Naming Ionic and Covalent
Compounds Review
Chemical reactions occur when atoms
gain, lose, or share electrons.
This is what creates compounds!
gain / accept electrons.
Nonmetals _____________
This gives them a ____ charge.
anions
Negative ions are called ___________.
_
Metals ________________
lose / donate electrons.
+ charge.
This gives them a ____
cations
Positive ions are called ___________.
What elements do ionic compounds
contain?
Ionic compounds contain a
metal and a nonmetal.
Nonmetals
Metals
Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds
MgCl2
magnesium chloride
Step 1: Write the name of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the name of the nonmetal ion.
Remember that we change the name of
nonmetal ions to –ide.
YOU ARE DONE! It is that easy.
shared
electrons
Nonmetals
Chemical reactions occur when atoms gain,
lose, or share electrons.
Sharing electrons creates a covalent bond
Nonmetals can _______
share electrons to
form a covalent bond.
molecule
This creates a ___________.
What elements do covalent
compounds contain?
Covalent compounds contain
only nonmetals.
Nonmetals
Steps for Naming Covalent Compounds
P2S4
phosphorous tetrasulfide
sulfide
diphosphorous
Step 1: Write the name of the first nonmetal.
Step 2: Write the name of the second
nonmetal changing its ending to -ide.
Step 3: Add prefixes to specify how many of
each element are present.
Rules for Using Prefixes with
Covalent Compounds
Rule 1: Prefixes are only for COVALENT compounds.
Rule 2: The prefix mono- is never used on the first
element of a binary covalent compound. Without a
prefix it is assumed that there is only 1.
Example: PCl3 is phosphorous trichloride,
and not monophosphorous trichloride.
Rule 3: Remove the -o or -a from a prefix before
adding it to oxide.
Example: N2O4 is nitrogen tetroxide,
and not nitrogen tetraoxide.
Determining if a compound is
ionic or covalent is easy.
What elements do ionic compounds contain?
Ionic compounds
contain a metal and
a nonmetal.
What elements do covalent compounds
contain?
Covalent compounds
contain only nonmetals.
Decide whether the compounds on
your notes are ionic or covalent.
I
C
I
C
C
C
I
I
I
C
I
I
Once you decide if a compound is ionic
or covalent you know whether or not
to use prefixes.
Only COVALENT COMPOUNDS
use PREFIXES!
Do NOT make the mistake of using prefixes
with ionic compounds. You will be forced to
decide between answer choices with and
without prefixes on your exam. Know the
difference!
Steps for Naming a Compound
Step 1: Decide if the compound is ionic or
covalent.
Step 2: Write the name of the first element as
it appears on the periodic table, change the
name of the second element to end with -ide.
Ionic compounds are finished at this point.
Step 3: If, and only if, the compound is covalent,
add prefixes.
Remember, if polyatomic ions appear in an
ionic compound, simply use the name of
the ion as it appears in the table of
polyatomic ions.
1.
NH4Cl
ammonium chloride
3.
Ca(NO2)2
calcium nitrite
2.
MgSO3
magnesium sulfite
4.
KOH
potassium hydroxide
Write the names of the compounds
that appear on your notes.
carbon tetrabromide
carbon monosulfide
sodium permanganate
strontium iodide
potassium sulfate
dinitrogen tetrasulfide
magnesium nitrate
silicon tetrachloride
diphosphorous pentoxide
Determining the Formula of an Ionic
Compound from Its Name
potassium sulfide
K
+
S
-2
K2S
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the nonmetal ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.
This is just as easy to do with polyatomic ions. You just
need to use the table of polyatomic ions found on the
naming compounds reference sheet.
barium sulfate
+2
-2
SO4
Ba
BaSO4
The charges are
the same, so
they cancel!
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the formula of the polyatomic ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table
and the table of polyatomic ions.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.
Be very careful that you do not mix up the names
of ions. This is very common for beginners to
naming.
Decide which name goes with each ion.
-2
S
sulfide
sulfate
phosphate
-3
P phosphide
nitrite
-3
N
nitride
-2
SO4
-3
PO4
NO2
Remember that the names of
transition metals include their
charge because their charges
are less predictable.
What are the charges of the
transition metals below:
Tin (IV) _______
+4
Lead (II) _______
+2
Iron (II) _______
+2
Copper (II) _______
+2
d-block
Tin (II) _______
+2
+4
Lead (IV) _______
Iron (III) _______
+3
+1
Copper (I) _______
We know they are positive because
metals are always positive.
The charges of the transition metals are important when
you are determining the formula of an ionic compound.
copper (II) nitrate
+2
NO3
Cu
Cu(NO3)2
Step 1: Write the symbol of the metal ion.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the polyatomic ion.
Step 3: Determine the charges using the periodic table,
polyatomic ions table, or the roman numerals.
Step 4: Determine the formula from the ions.
Because of the prefixes, it is very
easy to go from the name of a binary
covalent compound to its formula.
dihydrogen monoxide
H2O
Step 1: Write the symbol of the first nonmetal and
the subscript that matches the prefix.
Step 2: Write the symbol of the second nonmetal
and the subscript that matches the prefix.
Remember: The prefix mono- is never
used on the first element of a binary
covalent compound. Without a prefix it
is assumed that there is only 1.
Example: carbon dioxide
CO2
Write the formulas of the
compounds that appear on your
notes based on their names.
HCl
BaF2
SnS
N2O
CS2
S2Cl6
Na3PO4
PtCl2