Science
Chapter 2 Study Guide
Cell Parts:
cell - life’s basic unit
cell membrane - allows material to move in and out of cells
cell wall - protects and supports the plant cell
chloroplasts - changes energy into food in plants
ER - moves materials around inside the cell
lysosomes - digests or cleans up wastes inside the cell
mitochrondria - makes energy for the cell
nucleus - directs cell activities (brain)
cytoplasm - gel-like substance inside the cell membrane
ribosomes - makes proteins
golgi bodies - packages and secretes substances
vacuole - store food, wastes, and water
chromatin - contain genetic information (DNA)
Cell Theory:
Based on discoveries of Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow
Schwann - all animals are made of cells
Virchow - cells divide to form new cells
tissue - groups of similar cells that do the same work
Cells in an organism interact with one another
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Microscope:
Total magnification:
Eyepiece (10x) X Objective Lens
For high power:
10x X 40x = 400x
compound - a microscope that uses objective and eyepiece lenses
Images made by a microscope are reversed and upside down.
Bacteria - no membrane covered organelles
Label an animal cell:
cytoplasm
nucleus endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
Golgi body
ribosomes
mitochondria
Label a microscope:
eyepiece
stage
adjustment knobs
light source
objective lens
diaphragm