Mockingjays, Dandelions, Tiger
Orchids, and Roses: Nature and its
Symbolism
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Probably the most significant dystopian
flowers are the sego lilies of Matched. They’re
described as beautiful white flowers that
entrance Cassia’s plant-loving mother. They
cost her her job, send Cassia out on her great
adventure, and finally save Society. They are
an image of beauty and nourishment but also
the farmers’ rebellion.
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Cassia is drawn to flowers and trees as her mother
is. “Flowers bloomed everywhere in colors we were
not allowed to wear: pinks, yellows, reds, almost
startling in their boldness. They drew the eye; they
scented the air” (Matched 119). In contrast to the
three pills are images of nature: sea, sky, plants,
grass, red stone or red fish.
Cassia treasures a cottonwood seed, with “mystery
in it after all, in that little brown core.” (29).
Her romance with Ky develops in the last
wilderness, despite the government’s attempts to
pave it over. Ky teaches her to write with water
droplets on leaves, and they bury a poem in the dirt
together. The wilderness is where they kiss and
declare their love. Cassia describes it as “the forest
where the trees screen us and the birdcalls cover our
voices. The entire Hill is complicit in our embrace.”
(Matched 274)
The government chops down the maple trees
because they’re too uneven, like ordinary, natural
plants. The saws sound like screams. They also clear
and pave a path on the Hill, the last wild place
around. By the trilogy’s end, all memory of the
maple trees has been eradicated, and the hill is
“bulldozed. Burned. Butchered…They’ve killed the
Hill” (Reached 183).
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“Someday all the Wilds will be razed, and we
will be left with a concrete landscape…a world
of metal and gears, and people going tick tick
tick to their deaths (Pandemonium 288).
When she escapes, Hana steps into nature and
feels reborn. “The air smells like spring, like
wet earth and new growth. Birds call in the
trees” (Requiem 374)
Lena and her mother both race into the
wilderness, seeing “broad, flat leaves like
hands reaching for us” (Delirium 437)
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Uglies Graphic novel: Shay’s Story
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“Katniss” is of course the cattail root, as she tells us. But it is a
heavily nourishing plant, important to Katniss who sees herself as
the provider for her family.
“leaves like arrowheads” (Hunger Games 52). Of all the nourishing
plants in the world, Katniss is probably the most arrowlike—a
perfect match for our heroine.
The roots don’t look like much, but are as nourishing as a potato
(Hunger Games 52). Katniss, from District Twelve, likewise doesn’t
look like much, but she’s just as good, it turns out, as any of the
children from the wealthier districts.
The plants of the forest are part of Katniss: “As long as you can find
yourself, you’ll never starve,” her father teases (Hunger Games 52).
While this is literally true, Katniss survives by keeping herself
grounded—remembering who she is and what she cares for.
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Everdeen is also two letters off from “evergreen,” fitting well with the
plant names of the outer districts.
Evergreen pines are eaten several times in the series, offering another
wholesome plant in a world of starvation. Like the katniss plant,
evergreens are sharp and pointed, in this case with rough needles and
pinecones to defend themselves. They, like our heroine, thrive in areas of
low nutrition.
Evergreens symbolize a new beginning and reincarnation of the world
into a newer, better year. This is a perfect symbol of Katniss Everdeen,
remaker of the world.
Suzanne Collins notes, “Katniss Everdeen owes her last name to
Bathsheba Everdene, the lead character in Far from the Madding Crowd. The
two are very different, but both struggle with knowing their hearts”
(Jordan). Bathsheba, like Katniss, struggles between two such different
men, one gentle and chaste and one more violent, temperamental, and
experienced in romance.
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For Katniss, it will always be, as she says, “the dandelion that reminded me that I was not
doomed,” the single flower she saw blooming in the school yard (Hunger Games 32). The one
she saw in District Twelve was the first dandelion of the spring, and as such, the promise of
hope and a season of food for Katniss and her family. Its tiny flower, blooming in the deadened
schoolyard of District Twelve, reminds her that nature has power even in the ugliest of places.
It gives her the courage to enter the forest alone and there she learns to feed her family.
The fiercely jagged tooth shapes bordering its leaves give it its original French name of “Dent
de Lion,” (lion’s tooth) later corrupted to “dandelion.” With a bright yellow lion’s head, it
corresponds to Buttercup the cat and so the humble, natural Katniss herself.
While it’s the leaves that are edible as a salad plant, the dandelion’s milky sap has long
associated it with milk and nourishment in people’s minds.
There is a folkloric tradition that placing dandelion leaves under a girl’s pillow will make her
dream of her future husband, once again linking Peeta and Katniss’s romance through the
dandelion that began it all.
To Katniss, Peeta is a dandelion, her symbol of hope. Dandelions are as yellow as her
candlelight dress, with pointy petals like a sun’s rays. They resemble a kind of fire, but a tiny,
natural, life-sustaining one. They feed people rather than destroying them. Katniss calls him
“the dandelion in the spring. The bright yellow that means rebirth instead of destruction. The
promise that life can go on, no matter how bad our losses” (Mockingjay 388). And this is what
they both mean to her.
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“Rue is a small yellow flower that grows in the meadow” (HG 99) like the
dandelions of hope and survival. The rue is a small, hardy, evergreen plant;
like our heroine Katniss, it flourishes with few nutrients.
The rue plant was called the “death herb” as wreaths of it were laid on corpses’
necks to protect them (echoing Katniss’s decorations of flowers).
It was called Herb-of-Grace because people sprinkled holy water with its
brushes. Rue’s short life becomes a blessing and grace for Katniss.
Its bitter acidic taste created the English verb “rue,” to sorrow or wish that
something had never happened. Katniss indeed regrets the tragedy of Rue’s
short life whenever she thinks of her through the series.
Rue’s most famous literary reference is probably Shakespeare, as mad Ophelia
hands the murderous King Claudius flowers, saying,
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There’s rue for you, and here’s some for me. We may call it “herb of grace” o' Sundays.—
Oh, you must wear your rue with a difference [for a different reason]. —Hamlet IV:v:181183
Katniss echoes this moment when she gives Snow a white rose, the artificial
Capitol flower that has always in her mind been linked with blood and death.
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The Primrose has a variety of medical uses. It’s also a softening agent in
hand creams, contrasting with prickly Katniss.
The very word—with the Latin prim or prime, meaning “first,” means
the early or youthful rose. Prim is indeed a youthful girl in the spring of
her life. This is how Katniss sees her—not a burden but a beautiful
flower that she must protect.
Like Prim herself, the plant is cheerful, lovely, and bright, often thriving
in areas other plants don’t want. It will grow nearly everywhere, turning
even ugly little patches of fairly useless dirt into gardens. Prim, too,
thrives in an ugly, destructive environment.
Primroses were used to protect children, as Prim herself does at the end
of the final book, for “no evil spirits can touch anything protected by
these flowers.”
Dreaming of primroses meant sorrow and grief, and seeing them bloom
out of season was a death-omen. The evening primrose represents
eternal love, memory, youth, hope, and sadness.
The nickname “prim” suggests proper behavior—Primrose follows the
rules while rebellious Katniss does not. This nickname echoes her gentle
goat, Lady.
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“The world’s ugliest cat” survives the three books—
significant when Buttercup is read as the rough part
of Katniss herself. The buttercup flower represents ingratitude and
childishness, a good match for Buttercup’s personality.
In the bomb shelter of District Thirteen, Katniss watches Buttercup bat a
dancing light and realizes she has indeed become the cat, chasing the
dangling image of Peeta.
As the series ends, Buttercup returns with the spring just as Katniss
takes the first steps to reclaim her life and goes hunting again. Though
she screams at Buttercup, lashing out at him as she blames herself for
the tragedies that surround her, Katniss and Buttercup finally cry
together and reconcile, Buttercup protects Katniss through the night
and Katniss heals him, finally loving the wild part of herself that has
returned to defend her and love her in turn.
Across the world, cats and lions are considered feminine, while in the
Bible, the lion symbolizes courage, strength, and power, all traits
Katniss finds within the wild part of herself.
Katniss also thinks of herself as Catnip, the one who drives cats crazy
just as she loathes Buttercup. In flower folklore, catnip brings courage.
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Snow’s roses provide no nourishment, but only serve to conceal the blood-drenched scent of
his breath. In fact, roses represent blood in folklore because of their deep red color.
Snow rules a world of order and artificiality. His hybrid hothouse roses are “lush pink, sunset
orange, and even pale blue” (Mockingjay 354). To Katniss, they’re like plant mutts, unnatural
and changed. She describes entering the garden at last but “not touching, because I have
learned the hard way how deadly these beauties can be” (Mockingjay 355).
The greenhouse is a place of man’s power over nature, taming the environment and reshaping
it for pleasure. Snow’s garden, like his dungeons, represents a place where flowers and
flowerlike children are imprisoned and changed to suit his purposes.
The white rose Katniss plucks there is a symbol of her own lost innocence, along with the
innocence of Peeta, Rue, Prim, and all the others that have been lost.
A white rose also represents martyrdom. By
insisting he wear the rose to his death, she is
blaming Snow for all the tragedy. It’s no wonder
Coin is happy to pin it on him, literally and
figuratively.
Cassia’s newroses are similarly artificial, “hardy,
showy, bred for durability” (Matched, 143) with a
blunter scent. Surrounded by them, Cassia’s
mother misses real wildflowers.
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The white tiger orchids of the Uglies’ world
mean death and destruction of the
environment. A greedy Rusty genetically
engineered them to make them hardier “to
trade them for lots of stuff” but the plant
became too successful and “turned into the
ultimate weed” (Uglies 181). Further, Tally is
nearly burned alive when she wanders into
the orchid field. The old growth forest is
strong enough to stop it, but the cultivated
land where “The Rusties had already broken
its back” is much more vulnerable.
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“The devil stole into the
Garden of Eden. He carried
with him the disease—amor
deliria nervosa—in the form of
a seed. It grew and flowered
into a magnificent apple tree,
which bore apples as bright
as blood.” (Revised Book of
Genesis, Delirium 24)
Nature with its red of
knowledge and danger takes
the blame for amor deliria
nervosa but science has
created the true evil and
repression of their abusive
society.
“I’d thought that nothing and nobody was free in
Portland, but I was wrong. There were always the
birds,” Alex comments (Delirium 229). He adds
that racing joyfully on her bike, Lena reminds him
of those birds.
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On page one of Matched, Cassia dreams of flying,
with wings that are not “white or feathered: they’re
green, made of green silk (Matched 3). She hopes her
green dress and Matching will offer her an escape.
However, her lovely green dress is not an escape
into freedom, just into obedience and conformity.
Ky gives Cassia a piece of a Dylan Thomas poem
that speaks of “birds of the winged trees flying my
name” (Matched 257). Actual birds soar into the
heavens all around them, and Ky kisses Cassia.
Later, a little girl makes Cassia the first piece of art
for her new world—a bird model fashioned from
her scrap of green dress and crushed glass,
shattered the way Cassia shattered hers to find
freedom. Holding it, Cassia learns that others long
to create as she does.
She finds love and freedom, for, “In Ky’s eyes is
such complete love and hunger that it goes through
me like the sharp, high note of a bird in the canyon”
(Reached 258)
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Katniss always pictures Rue with her arms
spread, ready to take flight. The rue plant’s
older Roman name Ruta means to set free,
because this herb cures some diseases and
poisons, as Rue herself cures Katniss’s tracker
jacker stings.
Prim is Katniss’s “little duck,”
a gentle woodland creature
needing protection.
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Melark might be a portmanteau (or squashing-together) of
“meadowlark,” a nature symbol like so many names of District
Twelve. The lark is a symbol of merriment and joy as it sings to
welcome the daybreak. It symbolizes Peeta’s freedom of expression.
His last name also resembles “malarkey,” a word for misleading
speech or foolishness, like “tomfoolery” or “fiddlesticks.” Katniss
notes how Peeta always makes people feel better: “Ironic,
encouraging, a little funny, but not at anyone’s expense” (M 299).
Though Peeta jokes and lifts Katniss’s spirits, he’s not excessively
foolish—but that’s what Katniss must come to realize. Before the
Games, she easily dismisses him as dead weight. In time, however,
she comes to value him and even his laughter. “This is why they’ve
made it this far. Haymitch and Peeta. Nothing throws them,”
Katniss thinks as the men joke loudly to distract suspicious
Peacekeepers (CF 156).
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Birds come to symbolize freedom in a
world of tyranny and oppression: Tris
tattoos them on herself as she enters
the Dauntless faction.
However, crows or ravens
(symbolically considered the same) are
ill omens. Both are black, but more
importantly, after wars the birds
would scavenge battlefields and eat the
flesh of the dead. Thus they came to
mean death and dark times. When Tris
chooses them to represent her family,
she may sense the darkness that’s
coming.
Cassia, too sees “a thick cluster of black
birds” near a poisoned lake, and
immediately discovers her poems are
gone.
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Tris’s great fear is a flock of crows tearing her apart. In the
simulation vision, first one crow clings to her with fragile feathers
and stubborn claws (perhaps her mother, still clinging to her despite
everything) Then a flock of hundreds of crows attack, drawing blood
and choking her with feathers. Tris has hundreds of former faction
members from Abnegation. They are the leaders, the adults ruling
the system. And if she reveals she’s Divergent, they may be the ones
to kill her.
However, as Four reveals, crows certainly represent something else.
When he sees her tattoo, which he identifies as crows, he believes
her family is tied to her hallucination (Divergent 248). Tris suspects
the “terror and helplessness” are what she really fears (Divergent
251). By this point, Tris’s family is dividing and entering danger.
In the next chapter, Peter and Molly attack her family through Tris
and her fear comes true (Divergent 243). Later, Tris dreams her
mother is cooking a crow for dinner. Tris wakes to discover Al has
killed himself. If a dead crow represents the first of her friends to die,
then the crows indeed are loved ones and dark omens combined.
By book’s end, Tris is killing crows in her simulation and reclaiming
her power.
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A mighty wind that can blow down houses and mighty trees.
Gale as a revolutionary is just such an uncontrolled force as he
demands the deaths of everyone in the Capitol and in District Two.
As an unrestrained gale, he harms both sides in the war.
Granger has a different take: “Gale, the man of the woods, free and
unbound except for his family obligations, is an embodiment of
Nature, a ‘gale force wind’ of spirit and the experience of natural
beauty.” (“Unlocking ‘The Hunger Games’”)
Sweet gale or myrica gale (also known as bayberry) is a bushy
shrub with bitter leaves. It’s versatile for many rural uses just as
Gale himself is an excellent trapper, hunter, and gatherer: The
branches can be used for beer making, and the cones, for
candlewax, the leaves for scenting sheets, the bark for tanning
skins.
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For his last name, the hawthorn is a thorny shrub in the
rose family. It is called Crataegus Oxyacantha from the Greek kratos,
meaning hardness (of the wood), oxcus (sharp), and akantha (a
thorn). A “hard, sharp thorn” is a good description of Gale himself.
The hawthorn was one of the Three Sacred Trees beloved by fairies
(oak and ash being the others). These three trees combine to make
magic, rather like the threesome who become the heroes of Panem.
As a fairy tree, the hawthorn carries many superstitions—harming
the tree leads to death, but those who care for nature will be
rewarded by the fairies. Those who destroy Gale’s home find
themselves caught in the fury of his retribution with savage
fighting and deadly traps.
At the same time, some country villagers believe
hawthorn blossoms still bear the smell of the Great Plague of
London, thanks to their aroma of decomposition. The bushes are
associated with death and graves, as the unlucky thorns were said
to spring from dead men’s dust.
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Both variations on Margaret, these first names mean “pearl.”
Pearls are a symbol of hidden value in the story, with
Peeta’s gift and Effie Trinket’s comment that the children of
District Twelve may have unexpected talents because “If
you put enough pressure on coal, it turns to pearls” (Hunger
Games 74).
Katniss indeed discounts Madge as rich and worthless, and
Mags as elderly and frail. But she’s proven wrong in the
story. Madge’s aunt died in the Games, and her pin goes on
to win Rue’s trust and make Katniss the Mockingjay. Madge
is finally killed because like Katniss, she is a child of the
humble District Twelve. Mags too is a survivor, veteran of a
previous Game and very handy with making fishhooks,
swimming, and scavenging food. She sacrifices herself to
save Katniss and her friends.
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Actual snow is of course frigid and can kill, in
the same way katniss can nourish. Snow is the
enemy of food plants, flowers, harvests, and
growth, though it does far less to
inconvenience those living in cities.