Kingdoms
Fungi and
Plantae
Fungi are…
organisms
that consume food –
mainly breaking down dead
and decaying matter
organisms that have a nucleus
organisms that have a cell wall
Think-Pair-Share
 With
your partner, list the 5 ways
that fungus might be classified.
(Reflect back on your notes on
classification). After discussion,
place a star next to those used to
classify fungus.
Think – Pair – Share Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Behaviors
Biochemistry – the DNA
Embryology
Physical Characteristics
Evolutionary History
(Phylogeny)
Major Structures
Major Structures
1.
2.
3.
Hyphae – tiny filaments that make
up the fungus
Mycelium – many hyphae tangled
together
Fruiting Body – Reproductive
structure that develops from a
mycelium and grows below
ground
Check for Understanding
 With
your partner, label the following
diagram with the major structures of a
fungus
Common Molds
Sexually
reproducing fungi
Hyphae generally lack cell
walls
Examples: black bread mold
Sac Fungi
 Reproduce
both sexually and
asexually
 Can be unicellular and multicellular
 Examples: Cup Fungus, Yeasts
Club Fungi
 These
fungi can be edible
 This is an extremely diverse category of
fungus
 Examples: Orange Jelly, Shelf Fungus,
Mushrooms
Imperfect Fungi
 All
fungi that are not placed into
other groups (phyla) are placed
here
 NEVER been shown to have a
sexual life cycle
 Example: Penicillium
Interactions with the
Environment
 Decomposers
– break down dead
matter into the nutrients that make
it up
 Nutrient recyclers
 Positive relationship with trees
 Cause famine, and disease in
plants, animals, and humans
Most plants…
Autotrophs
– make their own
food
Have a NUCLEUS!
Multicellular
Have a cell wall
Plants make a move from
water to land!
 Evolved
from organisms like green
algae
 Evolution required adaptations
 Waxy
Cuticle – protects from water loss
 Vascular tissue – helps move water and
nutrients through the plant
 Seeds/Flowers – allows for sexual
reproduction
Non-Vascular Plants
 Lack
specialized tissue to help
move food and water
 Very short
 Examples: mosses, liverworts,
hornworts
Vascular Plants
 Xylem
and Phloem move water and food
 All have true roots, leaves, and stems
 Some are seedless:
 Some

have seeds: angiosperms, gymnosperms
Seeds allow the plant to reproduce without water
Check for Understanding
 With
your partner, hypothesize why it was
important for vascular tissue to develop in
land-dwelling plants.
 There is not ONE correct answer!
Gymnosperms
 Any
plants that bear their seeds directly
on the surface of cones
 Examples: ginkgoes, cycads
Angiosperms



Known as flowering plants, any plant that
bears seeds within a layer of tissue that
protects the seeds
Examples: apple tree, rose
Two types: monocots, dicots
Monocots
Single
cotyledon (seed leaves)
The veins of the leaves run parallel
Floral parts (petals) occur mostly in
multiples of 3
Vascular bundles are scattered
throughout the stem
Fibrous roots
Dicots
Two
cotyledons (seed leaves)
Leaves
Flower
have branched veins
parts (petals) occur often in
multiples of 4 or 5
Vascular
Roots
bundles arranged in a ring
function like a taproot
Key Plant Parts
 Anther
– oval sac where pollen is found
 Filament – long, thin stalk that supports anther
 Stigma – sticky portion at top of style
 Petal – attract insects and pollinators to flower
 Sepal – protect the flower while it develops
 Ovary – surrounds the ovule (female reproductive
portion of the plant)
Check for Understanding
 With
your partner, label the following
picture below with the following terms
anther, filament, stigma, style, petal,
sepal, ovary, ovule. (You are
hypothesizing the location based on the
functions we discussed.)