Warm Up – put homework on desk to be checked
Question:
1.Draw T chart and categorize the following traits:
eye color, sun tan, ear piercing, height, purple hair,
shaved head, naturally curly hair
Acquired
Sun tan
Ear piercing
Purple hair
Shaved Head
Inherited
Eye color
Height
Naturally curly hair
Notebook Info
Table of Content
March 7th
Genetics Day 2
Notes Page
March 7th
Genetics Day 2
What is an allele?
What is the main difference between genotype
and phenotype?
Homework Review
Inherited
Eye Color
Hair Color
Height
Face Shape
Foot Size
Acquired
Colored Contacts
Nail Polish
Tattoo
Sun Tan
Playing Drums
Speaking Spanish
Dyed Hair
Pierced Ears
2.
C. Heredity
E. Genetics
F. Trait
B. Inherited Trait
D. Acquired Trait
A. Gregor Mendel
3. Three inherited traits
4. Four acquired traits
5. Gregor Mendel was an Austrian Monk. He studied
pea plants to discover how traits are passed from
generation to generation
Venn Diagram
Inherited
In DNA
From Parents
Eye Color
Height
both
a type of trait
skin color
Acquired
learned/changed
dyed hair
learning to read
Trait
Detached Earlobes
Dyed Hair
Freckles
Naturally Curly Hair
Dimples
Hitchhikers Thumb
Ears Pierced
Asthma
Widow’s Peak
Curl / Straighten Hair
See Color
Not Colorblind
Cleft Chin
Yes
No
Acquired or Inherited
Inherited
Acquired
Acquired
Inherited
Inherited
Inherited
Acquired
Inherited
Inherited
Acquired
Inherited
Inherited
What, How, & Where of Genes
• What are Genes?
– Genes are the “code” that determine our
inherited traits.
• How do we get genes?
– We get our genes from our parents.
• Where are genes found?
– All humans, animals, and plants have genes!
– Genes are found in your DNA. The DNA is
inside your chromosomes.
Genes are found in your DNA!
23
+ 23
= 46
(mom)
(dad)
chromosomes
How many possible combinations of 1 pair
of JEANS and 1 pair of SHOES?
1
2
3
4
FRAYER DIAGRAM: ALLELE
DEFINITION:
EXAMPLE:
CHARACTERISTICS:
ALLELE
PICTURE:
FRAYER DIAGRAM: ALLELE
DEFINITION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
Different versions
of the same
trait/gene
EXAMPLE:
ALLELE
PICTURE:
TRAIT/GENE: EYE COLOR
ALLELES: Blue, Brown, Green, Hazel…
TRAIT/GENE: HAIR COLOR
ALLELES: Brown, Red, Black, Blonde…
MOM
DAD
f
R
f
r
B
B
a
a
H
h
Q
q
D
d
J
j
GENES
Chromatid 1
ALLELES
Alleles are different
versions of the same
trait/gene
Chromatid 2
FRAYER DIAGRAM: ALLELE
DEFINITION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
Alleles are
Different versions
represented
using
of the same
CAPITAL & lowercase
trait/gene
letters.
EXAMPLE:
ALLELE
PICTURE:
MOM
DAD
f
R
f
r
B
B
a
a
H
h
Q
q
D
d
J
j
GENES
Chromatid 1
ALLELES
Chromatid 2
FRAYER DIAGRAM: ALLELE
DEFINITION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
Alleles are
Different versions
represented using
of the same
CAPITAL & lowercase
trait/gene
letters.
EXAMPLE:
ALLELE
B = Brown Eyes
b = Blue Eyes
PICTURE:
FRAYER DIAGRAM: ALLELE
DEFINITION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
Alleles are
Different versions
represented using
of the same
CAPITAL & lowercase
trait/gene
letters.
EXAMPLE:
ALLELE
B = Brown Eyes
b = Blue Eyes
PICTURE:
Let’s Review…
1.What are these two things?
2. Where did you inherit these from?
3. What do the colored squares
represent?
4. Why do we use capital and
lowercase letters?
ALLELES: Where do YOU stand?
1. What is an allele?
2. What do we use to represent alleles?
3. Draw a picture of two small chromatids.
Then, draw 3 different alleles on them
(DON’T FORGET THE LETTERS!).
ALLELES: Where do YOU stand?
1. Alleles are different versions of the same
trait/gene.
2. CAPITAL and lowercase letters!
3.
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Definition
Example
Memory
Trick
GENOTYPE
PHENOTYPE
combinations of
alleles in our
genes
physical
characteristics that
can be observed
Bb
G is your genes!
brown hair
P you can see!
Take a look at the following example…
Are they genotypes or phenotypes?
BB
Brown Eyes
Genotype
Rr
Genotype
RR
Phenotype
Tall
Genotype
Phenotype
Alleles can be DOMINANT or RECESSIVE
What is an allele?
Different versions of one gene!
What do we use to represent alleles?
CAPITAL and lowercase letters!
Make a prediction:
What type of letter do you think
represents a DOMINANT allele?
UPPERCASE LETTERS!
What type of letter do you think
represents a RECESSIVE allele?
lowercase LETTERS!
2 Types of Alleles
DOMINANT
- The allele that is
always shown.
-Represented by
CAPITAL letters
- BB or Bb
TT = tall
Tt = tall
tt = short
Which allele is DOMINANT?
2 Types of Alleles
DOMINANT
- An allele that always
shows up in the
phenotype
-Represented by
CAPITAL letters
- BB or Bb
RECESSIVE
- An allele that only
shows up if there is
NO DOMINANT
ALLELE
- Represented by
lowercase letters
TT = tall
Tt = tall
tt = short
Which allele is RECESSIVE?
Homozygous or Heterozygous
• HOMOZYGOUS  having identical alleles for
the same trait ( 2 capitals or 2 lowercases)
– Homo = same
– Also called PURE
• HETEROZYGOUS  having different alleles for
the same trait (1 capital and 1 lower case)
– Hetero = different
– Also called HYBRID
Homozygous or Heterozygous?
• BB
• Homozygous
• bb
• Homozygous
• Bb
• Heterozygous
• FF
• Homozygous
• Ff
• Heterozygous
Yellow body color is dominant to blue
Y = Yellow
y = Blue
YY =
Yellow
Yellow body color is dominant to blue
Y = Yellow
y = Blue
Y y=
Yellow
Yellow body color is dominant to blue
Y = Yellow
yy=
y = Blue
Blue
Square shape is dominant to round
S = Square
SS =
s = Round
Square
Square shape is dominant to round
S = Square
Ss =
s = Round
Square
Square shape is dominant to round
S = Square
ss =
s = Round
Round
TT – HO
Bb – HT
DD – HO
Ff – HT
tt – HO
dd – HO
Dd – HT
ff - HO
Tt – HT
bb – HO
BB – HO
FF – HO
Purebred = all HO
Hydrid = all HT
YY – Yellow
Yy – Yellow
yy – Blue
SS – Square
Ss – Square
ss – round
Tall = TT or Tt
Short = tt
Pink = PP or Pp
Yellow = pp
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. D
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. C
14. A. Anaphase
B. Prophase
C. Metaphase
D. Telophase
15. B, C, A, D
16. Prophase = Nuclear membrane
disappears
Metaphase = Spinal Fibers attach,
chromosomes move to center of cell
Anaphase = Spindal fibers pull
chromosomes to opposite sides of the
cell
Telophase = nuclear membrane develops
and cell divides
17. Cytokinesis
18. Telophase II/ Cytokinesis II – because
there are about to be 4 cells
19. The three forms of asexual reproduction are
budding, binary fission and regeneratioin. Budding
happens when an organism grows a bud off of
itself. The bud eventually becomes its own
organism. In binary fission, a cell splits in 2. In
regeneration lost or broken body parts are
regrown. Asexual reproduction involves 1 parents,
while sexual requires 2.
20. Meiosis occurs in sexual reproductive organs. It is
necessary to create egg and sperm cells.
Exit
1. Is BROWN HAIR a genotype or phenotype?
2. Give an example of a heterozygous genotype
3. In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is
dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is
recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves,
what GENOTYPE must it have?
THE END
Bikini Bottom Genotypes and Phenotypes!
EXAMPLE (SpongeBob)
Trait: Pants Shape
Possible phenotypes:
_______: represented by “____”
_______: represented by “____”
Possible genotypes: __, ___, and ___
Possible outcomes:
___ ___ = _______________
___ ___ = _______________
___ ___ = _______________
Which phenotype is expressed? ____________
Which genotype do you predict he has? ___ ___
EXAMPLE (SpongeBob)
Trait: Pants Shape
Possible phenotypes:
_Square Pants_: represented by “__S___”
_Round Pants_: represented by “__s___”
Possible genotypes: __, ___, and ___
Possible outcomes:
___ ___ = _______________
___ ___ = _______________
___ ___ = _______________
Which phenotype is expressed? ____________
Which genotype do you predict he has? ___ ___
EXAMPLE (SpongeBob)
Trait: Pants Shape
Possible phenotypes:
_Square Pants_: represented by “__S___”
_Round Pants_: represented by “__s___”
Possible genotypes: _SS_, _Ss__, and _ss__
Possible outcomes:
___ ___ = _______________
___ ___ = _______________
___ ___ = _______________
Which phenotype is expressed? ____________
Which genotype do you predict he has? ___ ___
EXAMPLE (SpongeBob)
Trait: Pants Shape
Possible phenotypes:
_Square Pants_: represented by “__S___”
_Round Pants_: represented by “__s___”
Possible genotypes: _SS_, _Ss__, and _ss__
Possible outcomes:
S S = Square Pants
S s = Square Pants
s s = Round Pants
Which phenotype is expressed? ____________
Which genotype do you predict he has? ___ ___
EXAMPLE (SpongeBob)
Trait: Pants Shape
Possible phenotypes:
_Square Pants_: represented by “__S___”
_Round Pants_: represented by “__s___”
Possible genotypes: _SS_, _Ss__, and _ss__
Possible outcomes:
S S = Square Pants
S s = Square Pants
s s = Round Pants
Which phenotype is expressed? __Square Pants___
Which genotype do you predict he has? __S S__
Bikini Bottom Genotypes and Phenotypes!
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In palm trees, the allele for dark green
leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for
light green leaves (d) is recessive. If a
palm tree has light green leaves, what
GENOTYPE must it have?
dd
REVIEW
In giraffes, the allele for brown spots (S) is
dominant. The allele for black spots (s)
is recessive. If a giraffe has black spots,
what GENOTYPE must it have?
ss
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In butterflies, the allele for long antennae
(A) is dominant. The allele for short
antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly
has long antennae, what GENOTYPE
must it have?
AA or Aa
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In butterflies, the allele for long antennae
(A) is dominant. The allele for short
antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly
has the genotype aa, what would be
the butterfly’s PHENOTYPE?
Short antennae
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In Labrador retrievers, the allele for
yellow fur (Y) is dominant. The allele for
black fur (y) is recessive. If a Lab has the
genotype Yy, what would be the
PHENOTYPE of the lab’s fur?
Yellow fur
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants
(T) is dominant. The allele for short
plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant
has the genotype tt, what would be the
plant’s height PHENOTYPE?
Short
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
INHERITED and ACQUIRED
traits – what’s the
difference? EXAMPLE?
Inherited traits are determined by your
genes (Example: height). Acquired traits
must be LEARNED (Example: math).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
•
•
•
•
•
Eye shape
Intelligence
Hair color
Hair length
Accent (the way
you speak)
• Attitude
• Smile
• Tattoos
• Broken leg
• Face shape
• Diseases like
HIV/AIDS or
cancer
• Disorders like
albinism or colorblindness
• Hair texture
• Cheek size
trade & grade
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
What is an ALLELE? What do
we use to represent
alleles?
Alleles are different versions of the same
gene/trait. We use CAPITAL and
lowercase letters to represent them!
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
GENOTYPES and
PHENOTYPES – What’s the
difference? EXAMPLES?
Genotypes are combinations of your
alleles (Example: Bb). Phenotypes are
your physical characteristics (Example:
blue eyes).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
DOMINANT and RECESSIVE
alleles – What’s the
difference? EXAMPLES?
Dominant alleles always show up
(Example: B=brown eyes). Recessive
alleles only show up if there is NO
dominant allele (Example: b=blue eyes).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In apple trees, the allele for green apples
(G) is dominant. The allele for red
apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree
produces red apples, what GENOTYPE
must it have?
gg
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In apple trees, the allele for green apples
(G) is dominant. The allele for red
apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree
has the genotype GG, what would be
the PHENOTYPE of the apples
produced?
Green
NEMO
DORY
WALL-E
EVE
BUZZ
WOODY
QUIZ #17 – PART 4
MIKE
SULLY
How many possible combinations of
1 pair of JEANS and 1 pair of SHOES?
These baby girls are also TWINS and these are
their BIOLOGICAL parents!
How is that
possible?!
Skin color is
controlled by
6 different
genes!
This is called a
PUNNETT
SQUARE!
Y
B
R
R Y RB
P
PY PB
B
b
B BB
Bb
b Bb
bb
Invent-An-Alien!
Possible Phenotypes:
S/s: Square head (S) or Round (s)
E/e: Three eyes (E) or Five eyes (e)
H/h: Horns (H) or No horns (h)
G/g: Circle nose (G) or Triangle nose (g)
A/a: Two antennae (A) or Three antennae (a)
Y/y: Two eyebrows (Y) or Four eyebrows (y)
T/t: Sharp teeth (T) or Flat teeth (t)
1. Use these seven characteristics to invent and draw your alien.
2. Trade aliens with a partner.
3. On the back of your partner’s paper, draw two chromosomes, each
with seven alleles. Label each chromosome with the alien’s alleles!