1.
List the 5 major world religions, their founders and holy books ?
1. Judaism, Abraham, Torah
2. Christianity, Jesus, Bible
3. Islam. Mohammad, Koran
4. Hinduism, Various, Vedas
5. Buddhism, Siddhartha, Eight Fold Path, Four Noble Truths
2.
Which religion has the Sunni and Shite sects? Islam
3.
Which of the 5 major world religions is considered the oldest? Hinduism
4.
What is the difference between monotheism and polytheism? One God vs Many Gods
5.
Which religion has the Caste System? Hinduism
6.
Which 2 religions believe in reincarnation? Hinduism and Buddhism
7.
When and where did the Renaissance begin? Italy 1400’s to 1500’s
8.
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? Italy was rich, had merchants
9.
What is a humanist? What do they study? Many Renaissance artists were humanists

Focused on human potential and achievements on earth

Focused less on religion

Studied history, literature, and philosophy
10.
What does the word Renaissance mean? Rebirth of art and learning
11.
What ancient cultures did humanist’s study? Greece and Rome
12.
Who was considered the “Father of Humanism”? Petrarch
13.
What did Michelangelo accomplish? The David, The Pieta, Sistine Chapel Ceiling
14.
What did Da Vinci accomplish? Mona Lisa, Last Supper
15.
What did Shakespeare accomplish? playwright
16.
What did Erasmus accomplish? In Praise of Folly
17.
Which invention helped spread Renaissance and Reformation ideas? Who invented it? Gutenberg the Printing Press
18.
Which religion was involved in the Reformation? What was the Protestant Reformation? Catholic, protesting the
Catholic Church corrupt practices
19.
Who started the Protestant Reformation, Why and How? Martin Luther, Catholic Church corrupt, 95 Theses posted to church door
20.
Where did the Protestant Reformation begin? Wittenberg Germany
21.
Who were John Huss and John Wycliffe? How do they relate to the protestant reformation? Early Christian reformers who believed that people should be allowed to read and make their own decisions about church practices. Martin
Luther studied them
22.
What does the word protestant mean? protest
23.
Why were people angry with the Catholic Church? Many priests were illiterate, Nuns and priests were having illegitimate children, Church officials were charging to see holy remains and objects, Simony: allowed church officials to be bought by the highest bidder, and Indulgences: buying an indulgence was supposed to forgive you of sins committed or of future sin. Meaning you would spend less time in purgatory.
24.
What is an indulgence? buying an indulgence was supposed to forgive you of sins committed or of future sin. Meaning you would spend less time in purgatory
25.
Put these beliefs/statements with either ML or JC or King Henry; Salvation by faith alone ML, Divorced his wife
King Henry, England King Henry, Germany ML, France JC, Bible ultimate source of authority ML, strict work ethic
JC, Anglicanism King Henry, predestination JC, 95 thesis ML, all humans are equal under God ML, faith revealed or achieved by living a righteous life JC
26.
Who were the Hapsburgs? What religion were they? The Hapsburgs were a very wealthy ruling family. For years the head of the Hapsburg family became the German King and Holy Roman Emperor. They were Catholic.
27.
Which queen made Anglicanism the official religion of England? She also defeated the Spanish Armada. Elizabeth I
28.
What was the Edict of Nantes? Freedom of Religion for French Protestants
29.
What was the 30-year war? Who was involved? The Thirty Year War (1618-1648)- The Thirty Year War was a conflict over religion, territory and for power among European ruling families.
30.
Who changed the war from religious to political in nature? Cardinal Richelieu
31.
What is religious tolerance? Being tolerant of any religion
32.
What is capitalism? How did the 30 Year War and the Reformation led to capitalism? Economic system in which the government stays out of the way, it weakened the Catholic Church’s hold on the governments
33.
What was the Catholic Counter Reformation? What was the goal? How did they attempt to gain back followers? For years people have been speaking out against the Catholic Church. Dissenters prior to Luther included, John Wycliffe –

England, John Huss –Bohemia. The Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms to try to reassert its power and get supporters back
34.
Who were the Jesuits? Society of Jesus (The Jesuits) was founded by Ignatius of Loyola to spread Catholic doctrine around the world. The society consisted of clergy committed to educating people about Catholicism and conduct missionary work .
35.
What was the Inquisition? Inquisition was established to reinforce Catholic doctrine. During the inquisition Catholics would seek out and punish people for going against the Catholic Church.
(Heresy)
36.
What happened at the Council of Trent? tried to fix problems - decided Martin Luther was wrong and that Christians needed both faith and good works, not just faith to get to heaven. False indulgences should be banned and the church’s interpretation of the bible was the only one allowed.
37.
Put the following statements with the correct empire: Asia Minor Ottoman, Istanbul Ottoman, North Indian
Mogul, Taj Mahal (know what it looks like) Mogul, inflated by British textile industry Mogul, Islam Africa, exported slaves and raw materials Africa, coffee and ceramics Ottoman, emperor controlled trade by enclaves
China, imported manufactured goods Japan, tea and porcelain China, isolated Japan, ruled by shoguns Japan
38. Who was more isolated China or Japan? Why? Japan because they did not export or import and wanted not contact with outside influences
39. Why did China and Japan want to be isolated? Outside influences
40. What modern day city became the capital of turkey and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire? (use to be
Constantinople) Istanbul
41. What ancient trade route connected Asia with the Mediterranean basin? Silk Roads
42.
Where was/is the Trans-Saharan trade route located? Sahara Desert and Northern Africa
43.
What product did Ghana, Mali and Songhai trade? Salt
44.
What products did China trade/invent? paper, compass, silk, porcelain
45.
India used maritime trade routes across the Indian Ocean to trade which types of products? textiles, numerals system
46.
Which European country was first to explore? Portugal
47.
Which modern day country did France colonize? America Canada
48.
List the 4 G’s: Gold, God, Glory, and Gadgets
49.
Why did Europeans need a trade route to Asia? What happened to Constantinople? Because the Ottoman Empire took over and stopped the trade. Became Islamic
50.
What is mercantilism? What was the colony supposed to provide its mother country with? According to mercantilism, how does a country become powerful? A countries power is connected to its wealth. Raw materials, money trade
51.
What was the middle passage? What was transported along the Middle Passage? Middle passage between Africa,
Europe and the Americas. Slaves were transported
52.
Which explorer conquered the Aztec Empire? Cortez
53.
Where were these people from and what did they do:
Vasco Da Gama – Portugal route to India
Columbus – Spain discovered the Americas
Cortez – Spain conquered the Aztecs
Pizzaro – Spain conquered the Incas
Magellan – Spain circumnavigate the globe
Drake – England first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
Cartier – France discovered Canada
54.
What countries did Triangle Trade connect? What products were traded? Africa, Americas, and Europe. Slaves, raw materials, rum, gold
55.
What was the Columbian Exchange? How did the Columbian Exchange change the world? Exchange of goods and services between continents. Allowed for goods and services to become world wide
56.
How did livestock change the Americas? Allowed for transportation, agriculture, food
57.
How did corn and potatoes change Europe? They allowed for an easily grown food source
58.
What happened in America when explores arrived and began to colonize? ( 3 things)
59.
Which disease killed off the most natives? Small pox
60.
Who was eventually used as slaves in the Americas? Africans
61.
What technological advancements made exploration easier or possible? 3 things caravel, astrolabe, compass
62.
Why were the Europeans able to dominate the native so easily? Technology, guns
63.
Who created the navigation school in Portugal? Prince Henry
64.
What effects did the European Plantation system in America have on the people and land? Harsh conditions for workers, depleted the land of resources
65.
Why were these new colonies referred to as “New Spain” and “New France” ? founded by France and Spain
66.
What does self- sufficient mean? Being able to support yourself completely
67.
What are joint-stock companies? individuals each put in a percentage of the cost associated with colonizing and plantation work

68.
What was the commercial revolution? a period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the 13th century until the early 18th century.
69.
What was the scientific revolution? Why did it occur? The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world. Based on: careful observation (what you can see) a willingness to question widely accepted beliefs reason
Know what these people did
Copernicus: Heliocentric theory
Kepler: elliptical orbits of the planets
Galileo: used telescope to confirm Copernicus’ theory
Newton: Theory of Motion
Harvey: Blood circulation
70.
What were Enlightenment thinkers interested in doing? Changing the way that monarchs rule and how they see their people.
71.
How /why did Galileo anger the Catholic Church? He proved Copernicus’ theory was true that the Sun is the center of the universe not the Earth, which is opposite to what the Church said.
72.
Why did Enlightenment and Absolute monarchies disagree? Enlightenment thinkers believe that the people have a right to have ideas and govern themselves. Absolute monarchs believe that they have absolute power.
73.
What were the major ideas and beliefs of the following enlightenment thinkers AND what did they write
John Locke: Life Liberty and Property Two Treaties on Government
Hobbes: people are evil, absolute monarchs, Leviathan
Rousseau: separation of powers, The Spirit of Laws
Montesquieu: direct democracy, The Social Contract
Voltaire: freedom of religion, freedom of speech, lots of writings
74.
How did Enlightenment ideas help start the revolutions in America, France and Latin America? Enlightenment thinkers tried to change the way the governments were run and tried to convince rulers to rule justly.
75.
What Enlightenment ideas are present in our Constitution and Declaration of Independence? Life, Liberty, Property,
Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion, separation of powers
76.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson
77.
List 2 famous composers of the Age of Reason or Enlightenment Mozart, Bach
78.
Who wrote Don Quixote? Cervantes
79.
Which technical advancements made farming and transportation easier?( 4 inventions) all weather roads, new farm tools, ship building, railroads
80.
What was the Magna Carta? Who signed it? Why? King John, guaranteed people certain political rights
81.
Who was Charles II and what did he restore? Son of Charles I restored the monarchy after Cromwell
82.
What was the Glorious Revolution and who came to power? Why? Bloodless revolution that took James I a catholic out of power and put William and Mary on the throne
83.
What was the Habeas Corpus? Who signed it ? Why? Criminals brought to a judge and not the monarch, Charles II, made the law equal for all
84.
What is Common Law ? The law is equal to all, everyone is equal under the law
85.
List the first political parties. Whigs and Tories
86.
Who had Charles I executed? Thomas Cromwell
87.
Put these events in the correct order: The English Civil War, The reign of Oliver Cromwell, The Restoration, The creation of the Whigs and Tories, and Glorious Revolution.
88.
What is parliament? Why did absolute monarchs dislike parliament? lawmaking body in charge of handing out the money for the government. Because it took power away from them.
89.
How did England slowly become more democratic? What types of doctrines and ideas were passed? By passing laws and doctrines, civil war. Magna Carta, Habeas Corpus
90.
What does the doctrine of Divine Right state? God given right to rule, kings believe that they have this right to rule
91.
Who support it? Absolute monarchs, conservatives
92.
What did Absolute Monarchs believe? Divine Right
93.
Who were the following rulers? Where did they rule?
Peter the Great: Russia, absolute ruler
Louis XIV: France
Frederick the Great: Prussia
95 . How did Peter help Westernize Russia? Western clothes, no beards, women’s rights, new products, new capital, trade with Europe
96 . Who said, “I am the State!”? Louis XIV
97 . What was Prussia known for? Great military

98. What is the name of Louis’ palace? Versailles
99.
Why did the French Revolution begin? Louis needed more money for taxes and the third estate was unhappy with paying all of the taxes
100.
How did the American Revolution influence the French Revolution? Who fought during the American Revolution? Why did they fight? If America won then the French people could win
101.
What was the Estates General meeting? Meeting of all three estates in French society
102.
Why were Bastille and Versailles significant? French people took over and took control
103.
What happened to Louis in the end? Who came to power after Louis? Beheaded, Robespierre
104.
What was the Reign of Terror? Who led? Lots of people beheaded for not agreeing with the new French government
Robespierre
105.
What is a guillotine? Beheading machine
106.
What type of government did France have at the end of the revolution? republic
107.
What positive things was Napoleon able to accomplish? 3 things schools, civil service, roads code of laws
108.
Why was the Napoleonic Code so significant? Everyone was equal
109.
What negative things did Napoleon do? Emperor, dictator, fought wars
110.
How did the following help led to Napoleon’s downfall a.
Continental System-blockade of Britain, did not work Britain blockaded them back
111.
b.
Peninsular War- Spain/Portugal v France for supporting Britain, did not work lost a lot of men c.
Invasion of Russia- cold, winter, no supplies went with 700,000 men came back with less than 10,000
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna? What 3 things did it accomplish?
B: Balance of Power—no country in Europe too powerful
A: A new map of Europe drawn that made France weaker
C: Congress of Vienna (1815) Peace conference after Napoleon
K: Kings restored to power
112.
Who led the Congress of Vienna? Klaus von Metternich, Austria
113.
What was the Balance of Power Doctrine? Making sure that no country in Europe was to powerful
114.
What did the Congress of Vienna restore? monarchies
115.
How did Liberals and Conservatives differ? Liberals wanted limited democracies, Conservatives wanted absolute monarchs back
116.
Why did new political maps have to be redrawn after the Congress of Vienna? Because France had gotten to big and needed to be punished.
117.
What is Nationalism? Extreme pride in your county not your leader
118.
How did Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna help spark a growth in Nationalism? Automatically giving the kings back power without the say of the people.
119.
Which political group (liberals or conservatives) led the revolutions in Europe around 1848? Where they successful?
Why? Liberals some were but the absolute monarchies that were put into place were failing
120.
Which country first made slavery illegal? Britain
121.
Which countries did Latin American colonies want to rebel from? 3 European countries Spain, Portugal, and France
122.
Which social group led most of the Latin America Revolutions? Creoles, Spanish born in new world
123.
What are viceroys? Colonial officers
124.
Which religion was forced on the natives by the Europeans? Catholic
125.
Why did the Latin Americans want to revolt? Nationalism, Enlightenment ideas
126.
Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture? Slave who led revolt in Haiti
127.
Who was Simon Bolivar? Latin America, Venezuela freedom
128.
Who lead the Mexican independence movement? Miguel Hidalgo
129.
What is nationalism and what role did it play in the revolutions that occurred around the world in the 1800s? Extreme pride in your county not your leader, not wanting to be forced to have a foreign leader
130.
What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? To keep the Europeans out of the Americas
131.
Why did Italy and Germany want to be unified? Nationalism, and they were behind the rest of Europe
132.
Who unified Northern Italy? Count Camille Cavour
133.
Who unified Southern Italy? Giuseppe Garibaldi
134.
Which states were the last to join a unified Italy? papal
135.
Why did Italy continue to struggle after their unification? Different languages north and south, different technology north and south
136.
Who unified Germany? Otto von Bismarck
137.
Describe the religious divide in Germany prior to the Franco-Prussia War? Protestant v Catholic, Bismarck knew that if they had a war then the south would support him.
138.
Why is Otto Von Bismarck considered a Realpolitik? He is willing to do all that is necessary to get things done
139.
What is a Realpolitik? Justified all means to achieve and hold power
140.
How did the Franco- Prussian War help unify Germany? Southern Germany did not support Bismarck, so he created a war to gain their support

Industrialization
141.
What was the Agricultural Revolution? Increased production of goods, services, and crops.
142.
How did the Enclosure Movement help increase food production? How did enclosures led to urbanization? Larger farms, more efficient, small farmers got bought out
143.
How did the Seed Drill help increase food production? Made it easier to plant crops
144.
What is Industrialization? Machine made instead of hand made
145.
Where did it begin and why? 3 reasons England, government stable, water power, people, and raw materials
146.
What industry was first to become “industrialized? textiles
147.
What are textiles? cloth
148.
How did the following help spark industrialization or help it
Cotton – started the textiles
Iron – built the machines
Steel – stronger than any other materials
Steam Engine – provided the textiles
Coal – ran the machines
149.
What did the following men invent and why were these inventions important?
James Watt – steam engine
Eli Whitney - cotton gin
Henry Bessemer - steel
Edward Jenner – small pox vaccine
Louis Pasteur - bacteria
James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny
150.
List 3 positive impacts industrialization had on the world…. List 3 negative impacts Positive: education, jobs, work, cities, vaccines, standard of living rose and factories. Negative: pollution, poor working conditions, crowded cities, and diseases.
What were working conditions like in factories? Unsafe, dirty 151.
152.
153.
154.
What impact did industrialization have on slavery? Increased and then decreased eventually ending
What are labor unions? Why did they start? workers who join together in voluntary associations, because of the poor working conditions in the factories.
What is Collective Bargaining? Why is it used? bargaining=workers and management work together to determine pay
What is a strike? Work stoppage
What are Cottage Industries? What happened to them after Industrialization? Handmade items, they no
155.
156.
157.
longer made things by hand.
How were children treated during industrialization? poorly
Economic Systems
158.
What is Capitalism? Capitalism is an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures
159.
160.
with the goal of making a profit.
Who was Adam Smith? Wrote the Wealth’s of Nations
What was the purpose of Adam Smith’s Wealth’s of Nations? Governments should not interfere with the economy
161.
162.
What did capitalists want? No government interference in business, to be able to make a profit
What is communism? Why did it start? What’s the main goal? a more extreme form of socialism, in which the people own all aspects of business and share all goods and services. Because rich got richer and poor got
163.
164.
poorer. To ensure everyone was equal
Who was Karl Marx? What did he write? Communist the Communist Manifesto
How did Capitalism and Communism differ? In that Capitalism the people can determine the profit, in
Communism the government controls it all
165.
Imperialism
166.
What is socialism? a government formed economic system involving factors of production
What is imperialism? The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of
167.
dominating the political, economic and social lives of the people of that nation
Describe the Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion. China remained resistant to European influences In 1900 the Boxers descended on Beijing shouting “Death to the foreign devils”. Soldiers from Britain, France, Germany,
Austria, Italy, Russia, Japan and US step in and defeated the boxers. Boxers were poor Chinese peasants.
168.
Describe the Sepoy Rebellion. In 1857 rumors started that the British were starting to coat their bullets with beef and pork fat. In May 1857, Sepoys(Muslim and Hindu), or Indian soldiers rebelled. Weren’t able to unite to defeat the British.

Why did Imperialism begin? National Pride- nationalism, Economic competition amongst European 169.
170.
nations, Racism- Social Darwinism, Christian Missionaries
171.
172.
Why did European nations want Africa and Asia? Raw materials
What impact did imperialism have on Africa and Asia
What is a colony?
A country governed internally by a foreign power.
What is a Sphere of Influence? An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading 173.
177.
178.
privileges
174.
What is a protectorate? A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power
• Where is the Suez Canal? Why is it significant? Egypt, cut travel time from Europe in half. A man made cut though that connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean
175.
176.
What was the role of Christian missionaries during The Age of Imperialism? To spread Christianity
Which country opened Japan up to trade? United States
Which country controlled India during this time period? Great Britain
What was the purpose of the Indian National Congress?
179.
Map- be able to locate the following places on a map; England, France, Spain, Russia, Songhai, Ottoman
Empire, China, Mughal Empire, Japan, Incan Empire, Mayan Empire, Aztec Empire , Germany, Italy, Portugal, India,
Prussia/ Germany , Haiti, South America, Mexico, Brazil, Silk Road,

180.
Map- Put the following religions on the map; Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam , Buddhism