7.12D Differentiate between structure and function in plant
and animal cell organelles, including cell membrane, cell wall,
nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, chloroplast, and vacuole
•
Structure: Flexible Membrane with small
holes, Surrounds cells (outside layer for animal
cells, just inside cell wall for plants)
•
Function: Controls what goes in and out of
cell (transports material) & Holds in cytoplasm
•
Analogy: It is like the bright orange flexible
fencing around construction sites because it
protects the work site while still allowing
things to go through.
 Structure:
Gel-like fluid made mostly of
water
The material inside the membrane
 Function:
• Holds organelles
• keeps cell flexible
• maintains shape of cell
 Analogy:
It is like the water in a swimming
pool because all the stuff that happens in the
pool happens in the water. The water supports
the swimmer like cytoplasm supports
organelles
 Structure: Bean
inside
shape with many layers
 Function:
Transforms energy (from nutrients
and Oxygen) for cells to use
 Analogy: Mitochondria act like a power plant
because they both transform other materials
to make energy.
 Structure: Large
and round, will usually be
located towards the middle of the cell.
Membrane bound (eukaryotic)
 Function: Contains
genetic material (DNA),
controls cellular activities
 Analogy: The nucleus is like the brain of a
human because the brain controls the actions
of the body like the nucleus controls the cell.
 Structure: Flat, folded
around the nucleus
membrane, usually
 Function:
Makes proteins for the cell.
Internal delivery system.
 Analogy: ER is like a factory that produces
goods and ships what they have made.
 Structure: Stacked
membranes
 Function: Packages
and delivers materials
made from ER. In plants, the Golgi made cell
wall material.
 Analogy: Golgi bodies are like FedEx because
they package and ship materials around and
out of cell.
 Structure: small
and round, usually more
found in animal cells. Can move within cells.
 Function: Digestion
of cellular waste.
Recycles old cell material to make new
molecules.
 Analogy: Lysosomes are like your digestive
system because both can break apart larger
materials to make new molecules.
 Structure: small
and round in animal cells,
usually a single large bag-like structure in
plants
 Function: stores
water and nutrients, aids(helps)
in cellular digestion. In plants it works with the
cell wall for cell support (turgor pressure).
 Analogy: A
canteen is like a vacuole because
both are used to store water.
 Structure: green, bean
plant cells
shaped – found only in
 Function: contains
chlorophyll that makes
photosynthesis possible
 Analogy: Kitchens are like chloroplast
because both make “food” for organisms.
 Structure: rigid
material that forms the outer
layer of plant cells.
 Function: gives
plant cells support and
protects cell’s interior.
 Analogy: Walls of a building are like a cell wall
because both are used for support.
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Golgi body
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Golgi body
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Vacuole