Chemical
Bonding
Matter and Mass
 Anything
that a mass
and takes up space
has matter.
 The mass of an object
is how much matter
you have.
 Mass is different than
weight. Your mass at
one particular
moment does not
change based on
location. Weight is due
to gravity and
changes.
Atoms
 An
atom is a basic unit of
matter that consists of a
nucleus and electron cloud.
 An element is a pure chemical
substance consisting of one
type of atom distinguished by
its number of protons
 The atomic number of an
element is the number of
protons found inside the
nucleus of an element
Structure of an atom
 The
nucleus is a dense
region consisting of protons
and neutrons at the center
of the atom
 Proton are positive particles
 Neutron are neutral
particles
 Electrons are very small
negative particles found in
the electron cloud. They are
placed into orbitals.
Mass of an Atom
 When
the number of protons
and neutrons in an atom of
an element is massed, it is
the mass number.
 Some atoms of the same
element have a different
number of neutrons,
therefore having a different
mass. (Ex: C12 and C14) This
type of atom is called an
isotope.
Bonding
A
chemical bond is an
attraction between
atoms that allows the
formation of chemical
substances consisting of
two or more atoms.
Each has a completed
orbital.
 A compound is a pure
chemical substance that
is composed of two or
more different chemical
elements. Ex: H2O
Covalent Bond
A
bond formed when two or more atoms share
electrons to have a completed outer shell. The
finished product is electrically neutral.
 Covalent bonds form molecules.
Ionic Bond
 One
atom gives away one or two electrons to have
a full outer shell and becomes a positive ion,
cation.
 A second atom receives one or two electrons to fill
the outer shell and becomes a negative ion, anion.
 The two ions are now electrically attracted.