CEE 498N
Construction Engineering
1
Outline
• What is construction engineering?
• Contemporary construction projects
• Construction engineer careers
2
Construction Engineering
•
•
•
•
•
3
Most everything is constructed
No assembly instructions
Work with people
Work with all CEE disciplines
Construction is a business
What is Construction Engineering?
4
Some Assembly Required
5
Some Assembly Required
6
Some Assembly Required
7
Some Assembly Required
8
What is Construction Engineering?
Pictures from www.wilsonbridge.com
9
10
11
Picture from Integral GIS, Inc.
Safeco Field (1999)
Photos from the Seattle PI
Selah Creek Bridge, I-82 near Yakima
ca. 2005
1,377 ft long
325 ft above canyon floor
http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=7268
13
Photo from Kiewit Co.
Selah Creek Bridge, I-82 near Yakima
`
14
ca. 1970
pictures from newbaybridge.org
New Bay Bridge
Oakland, CA
photo from Kiewit Co.
17
18
19
20
Bellevue Tower Crane
16 November 2006: Tower crane falls in Bellevue and kills 1
photos from the Seattle Times
21
Husky Stadium
Picture from Widows Live Local
22
Husky Stadium
5 February 1987: North end upper deck collapses during construction
photos by John Stamets, UW
23
photo from Seattle Odyssey
Lacy V. Murrow Floating Bridge
• Built: 1940
• Sank: 1990
• Rebuilt: 1993
Picture from Widows Live Local
Seattle side
24
Mercer Island side
Lacy V. Murrow Floating Bridge
8 midsection pontoons sink during construction in 1990
Estimated loss: $69 million
Photo from WSDOT
25
Construction is a Business
From 2006 Engineering News-Record Top 400 Contractors
28
Construction Industry Snapshot
70
66.7
• Large industry
– 9 million jobs
– $900 billion (2003)
– 8% of GDP
Employees
50
Percent
• Room for improvement
– 40% of raw materials
– 15 – 20% of waste stream
40
30
22.2
20
• Fragmented
– Mostly smaller companies
– Most < 50 people
Establishments
60
17.0 17.7
14.1
15.2
16.8
14.7
9.1
10
4.5
1.8
1 to 4
5 to 9
10 to 19
20 to 49 50 to 249
Establishment Size
30
0.2
0
Source: ASTM Standardization News (April 2004) and Worldwatch Institute Paper No. 124 (1995)
250+
Construction Industry
Public
Private
$1.14 trillion in 2005
245
$1,200
899
804
224
217
660
703
206
662
650
170
600
154
552
151
503
130
428
477
120
$200
419
$400
116
$600
139
$800
186
230
$1,000
375
Construction Put-in-Place (billions of dollars)
$1,400
$0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
31
Data from U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/const/www/c30index.html)
Construction Industry 2005
Residential
Manufacturing
$651 billion
$31 billion
Conservation and development
$5 billion
Water supply
$11 billion
Sewage and waste disposal
$16 billion
Highway and street
$66 billion
Power
$37 billion
Communication
$13 billion
Transportation
$27 billion
Amusement and recreation
$19 billion
Public safety
$10 billion
Religious
$8 billion
Educational
$79 billion
Health care
$37 billion
Commercial
$74 billion
Office
$48 billion
Lodging
$13 billion
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
Construction Put-in-Place (billions of dollars)
32
Data from U.S. Census Bureau (http://www.census.gov/const/www/c30index.html)
33
Career Paths
Field/Engineering
Assistant
Project Engineer
Inspector/Scheduler/
Estimator
Assistant
Superintendent
Superintendent
Senior
Superintendent
Assistant
Project Manager
Project Manager
Senior
Project Manager
Construction
Executive
34
VP/Owner
from ASCE (http://www.asce.org/pdf/careerpathfinal.pdf)
Typical Traits/Skills
35
Traits
Skills
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Communication
Leadership
Creativity
Practical
Problem solving
Work with people
Attention to detail
Basic computer skills
Read/make plans
Engineering license
Scheduling
Design
Surveying
Entry Level Tasks
Planning
Estimating
Scheduling
Cost control
Material/equipment
management
Surveying
Quantity tracking
Temporary structure design
Field operations supervision
Subcontractor coordination
36
37
Echelon Place, Las Vegas, NV
$4 billion
Las Vegas resort in place of the
Current Stardust location
Boyd Gaming Corp.
http://www.echelonresort.com
Project CityCenter, Las Vegas, NV
$7 billion
66 acre mixed use
2,800 condo units
4,800 hotel rooms
470,000 ft2 retail space
http://www.projectcitycenter.com
Hanford Cleanup, WA
$12 billion
World’s largest environmental cleanup
53 million gallons of waste
9 tons of plutonium
Groundwater contamination
http://www.hanford.gov
City Water Tunnel No. 3, NY
$6 billion
60 miles of water tunnel
50-yr construction time
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/news/3rdtunnel.html
Southeast Corridor (T-REX) in Denver
$1.75 billion
17 miles of highway improvement
19 miles of light rail
http://www.trexproject.com
Miami Intermodal Center
$1.9 billion
Multimodal transportation facility
http://www.micdot.com
Central Texas Turnpike
$3.6 billion
3 new highways around Austin area
New/upgraded highway interchanges
http://www.texastollways.com/tta
Big Dig (Boston)
$14.6 billion
Underground existing viaducts
2 underwater tunnel routes
New/upgraded highway interchanges
http://www.masspike.com/bigdig
42
Woodrow Wilson Bridge (Potomac)
$2.5 billion
New bridge across Potomac
New/upgraded highway interchanges
http://www.wilsonbridge.com
Benicia-Martinez Bridge
$1 billion
New bridge in Vallejo area
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/Ben-Mar/Ben-Mar.html
43
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
$6.3 billion
New bridge from Oakland to Y.B. Island
http://www.newbaybridge.org
44
Dubai waterfront
$15 billion
Man-made islands, shoreline
http://www.nakheel.ae
Picture from B. Kattanppuram Blog
Great Belt (Storebǽlt - Denmark)
$3.5 billion (1988 value)
28 Euros ($34) each way for cars
132 Euros ($159) each way for lorries
Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (Pearl Bridge)
$3.6 billion
10 years to construct
¥ 2,600 ($22) each way for cars
25,000 vehicles/day
Picture from Mount Holyoke College
Millau Viaduct
$523 million to construct
39 month construction
Tolls
•$6.50 toll one way in winter
•$8.62 toll one way in summer
Picture from arzan blog
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
SeaTac 3rd Runway
$1.2 billion
Completion by 2008 or 2009
Picture from Balfour Beatty Rail
Picture from Widows Live Local
Chek Lap Kok Airport (Hong Kong)
$20 billion
Completed 1998
Photo from ETH Life International
Channel Tunnel
$21 billion
Completed 1994
Gotthard Base Tunnel (Switzerland)
$6 billion
20 year construction (1/2 way now)
Photo from Biz/ed
Panama Canal Expansion
$5.25 billion
8 year construction (begin 2007)
Photo from Google Earth
Map from ACP
Thai Canal (Thailand)
$20-25 billion projected
May or may not happen
Hibernia (Grand Banks)
$5 billion
1.3 million tons
81
Hibernia
82
Project: New Tacoma Narrows Bridge
Location: Tacoma, WA
Cost: $900 million
83
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
84
Thursday, 22 September 2004
Tuesday, 6 December 2005
Tuesday, 1 August 2006
85
Project: Link Light Rail
Location: Seattle, WA
Cost: $2.7 billion
86
Project: Hood Canal Bridge
Location: Tacoma, WA
Cost: $471 million
87
Transportation Infrastructure Construction
Puget Sound Area Project
88
Potential Cost
Everett HOV lanes
Hood Canal Bridge east half replacement
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
Sea-Tac 3rd runway
$0.3
$0.5
$0.9
$1.2
billion
billion
billion
billion
SR 520 Bridge replacement
Sound Transit Link Light Rail
I-405 corridor improvements
$3.9 billion
$2.7 billion
$3.2 billion
Alaska Way Viaduct
$4.6 billion
Transportation Infrastructure Construction
Project
89
Potential Cost
I-90 Spokane to Idaho state line
SR 16 Nalley Valley viaduct
SR 704 cross-base highway (I-5 to SR 7)
Ferries (8 terminals)
$0.2
$0.2
$0.3
$0.8
billion
billion
billion
billion
I-5/SR 509 freight & congestion relief
I-90 Snoqualmie Pass east
SR 167 Tacoma to Edgewood extension
$1.0 billion
$1.0 billion
$2.2 billion
I-5 pavement reconstruction
I-5 Columbia River crossing
$??? billion
$??? billion
90
Current Research
• Construction and transportation
–
–
–
–
–
–
PCC pavement best practices
Rapid pavement construction
Dowel bar retrofit analysis
Warm mix asphalt
Green roads
Airfield pavement construction best practices
• Engineering learning and training
–
–
–
–
–
91
Self-directed learning
Organizational training
Pavement Guides
Virtual Superpave Laboratory
Pavement Tools Consortium
Concrete Pavement
Design and Construction
Concrete Pavement
92
Legend
93
= Uncomfortably & expensively rough
= Still considered acceptable
Rapid Pavement
Construction Research
Current
• WSDOT 2005 – 2007
– Rapid Construction
94
Dowel Bar Retrofits
95
Dowel Bar Retrofits
96
Airfield Pavement Construction Best Practices
97
Green Roads
98
Green Roads
99
10
Green Roads
Typical Hot Mix Asphalt
10
Warm Mix Asphalt
10
10