AP /DP environmental science fall review
Chapter 1 -Define the following terms:
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environment
environmental science
ecology
organism
species
ecosystem
principle of sustainability
natural capital
natural resources
natural services
perpetual resource
renewable resource
sustainable yield
nonrenewable resources
reuse
recycling
economic growth
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product per capita
economic development
more developed countries
less-developed countries
environmental degradation
natural capital degradation
pollution
point sources
nonpoint sources
pollution cleanup
output pollution control
pollution prevention
input pollution control
ecological footprint
per capita ecological footprint
ecological tipping point
culture
sustainability revolution
exponential growth
poverty
environmental worldview
environmental ethics
planetary management worldview
stewardship worldview
environmental wisdom worldview
environmentally sustainable society
social capital
natural income
environmental wisdom worldview
Chapter 2-define the following terms:
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science
data
hypothesis
model
peer review
scientific law
frontier science
reliable science
does the fact that science can never prove
anything absolutely mean that the results are
not valid or useful? Explain.
Matter
element
compound
Adam
atomic theory
neutron
proton
electron
nucleus
atomic number
mass number
isotope
molecule
I on
acidity
pH
chemical formula
organic compound
inorganic compound
hydrocarbon
complex carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
lipid
cells
genes
trait
chromosome
high-quality matter
low-quality matter
how would you set up a controlled experiment
to verify that when water changes from one
physical state to another its chemical
composition does not change?
Reactant
product
Law of conservation of matter
radioactive decay
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nuclear fission
nuclear fusion
energy
kinetic energy
heat
electromagnetic radiation
energy quality
high quality energy
low-quality energy
first law of thermodynamics
Law of conservation of energy
second law of thermodynamics
system
input
flow or throughput
feedback
output
feedback loop
positive feedback loop
negative feedback loop
tipping point
time delay
synergistic interaction
Chapter 3-define the following terms:
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atmosphere
troposphere
greenhouse gases
stratosphere
hydrosphere
geosphere
bias here
natural greenhouse effect
ecology
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere
trophic level
producer
autotrophic
photosynthesis
chemo synthesis
what is the formula for photosynthesis?
Consumer
heterotrophs
primary consumer
ergo for
carnivore
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secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
omnivore
decomposer
detritus feeder
aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
how is fermentation different from regular cellular
respiration?
Feed chain X line food web
biomass X line permit of energy flow
how is energy flow in an ecosystem related to the
second law of thermodynamics?
Gross primary productivity
net primary productivity
biogeochemical cycle
nutrient cycle
water cycle
Carbon cycle
nitrogen cycle
phosphorus cycle
sulfur cycle
how are each of the above biogeochemical cycles
related to balance within an ecosystem?
How can Google Earth be used help scientists study
changes in the environment?
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biological diversity
species
biomes
species diversity
ecological niche
generalist species
specialist species
k species
r species
native species
non-native species
indicator species
East End species
foundation species
Chapter 5-define the following terms:
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interspecific competition
parasitism
mutualism
commensal of them
partitioning of resources
competitive exclusion
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predator
predator prey relationships
describe a trait possessed by the southern sea otter
that helps it to catch its prey and a trait that helps it
to avoid being preyed upon.
Co-evolution
demographics
age structure
range of tolerance
limiting factors
principle of limiting factor is X line environmental
resistance
carrying capacity
is it possible for a population overshoot its carrying
capacity? If so explain the result.
Population crash
population density
how are human populations controlled by their by
their environment?
How are human populations controlled by society?
Primary ecological succession
secondary ecological succession
inertia
resilience
Chapter 6-define the following terms:
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cultural carrying capacity
crude birth rate
crude death rate
population change
total fertility rate
replacement level fertility rate
according to the chart on page 132 in your book
which two factors do you think were most important
in changing population in the United States between
1900 and 2000? Explain.
Life expectancy
infant mortality rate
age structure
explain the shape of the following population
pyramids: expanding rapidly, expanding slowly,
stable and declining
how does the population pyramid of a more
developed country compared to that of a lessdeveloped country?
Baby-boom
how has AIDS impacted human population?
What are some ways to promote economic
development?
Demographic transition
17. Why is it important to empower women in order to
slow population growth?
18. Family planning
19. Demographic momentum
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weather
climate
Latitude
longitude
biome
Desert
permafrost
grassland
deciduous forest
tropical rain forest
boreal/coniferous forest
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aquatic life zone
saltwater
freshwater
plankton
nekton
benthos
abyssal zone
limnetic zone
littoral zone
profundal zone
euphotic zone
bathyal zone
coastal zone
wetlands
intertidal zone
crustacean
estuary
Blake
eutrophic lake
oligotrophic lake
surface water
runoff
watershed
drainage basin
marsh
coral reef
Chapter 14-define the following terms:
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geology
core
mantle
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seismic waves
drift
asthenosphere
Christ
tectonic plates
Ring of fire
earthquake
Volcano
vent
tsunami
rock cycle
sedimentary rock
igneous rock X line metamorphic rock
high-grade ore
low-grade ore
mining
surface mining
overburden
open pit mining
strip mining
contour strip mining
mountaintop removal
subsurface mining
reclamation
depletion time
scarce minerals
Chapter 2 teen-define the following terms:
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negative net energy yield
petroleum
peak production
petrochemical
proven oil reserves
unproven reserves
OPEC
ANWR
a much of the world's proven crude oil
reserves are housed in the United
States?
What countries are major importers of
crude oil to the United States?
Can the United States ever catch up in
the oil race?
Tar sand
shale oil
tracking
liquefied petroleum gas
liquefied natural gas
methane hydrate
coal
19. what are the four types of coal and
which ones are used in manufacturing?
Why?
20. Sulfur dioxide
21. coal ash
22. nuclear fission reactor
23. explain how I nuclear fission reactor
works?
24. Chernobyl
25. what are some advantages and
disadvantages of running nuclear
reactors?
26. How to country Joe and radioactive
waste reduced from a nuclear power
plant?
27. New generation nuclear reactor
Chapter 16-define the following terms:
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energy efficiency
cogeneration
combined heat and power
biofuel
wind energy
solar energy
passive solar heating system
active solar heating system
geothermal energy
photovoltaic cells
hydroelectric power
wind farm
what are some negative impacts on the ecosystem
related to wind energy?
Biomass
bio diesel
ethanol
explain how geothermal energy can be used to heat
and cool a home.
Hydrogen fuel cells
how do economics and politics affect the shift to a
more sustainable energy resource?