2014 ADVANCED FINAL EXAM REVIEW
NAME_____________________________
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
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__DNA_______________is copied during replication.
The shape of the DNA molecule is called a __________Double Helix_____________.
Which DNA bases always pair together? C-G and T-A
Which bases are purines? A and G
Which bases are pyrimidines? T and C
When DNA replicates, what is the result? 2 identical strands of DNA
What are joined by peptide bonds during the process of protein synthesis? The bases
What is produced during transcription? RNA
If a molecule of DNA has 30% adenine in it, what percentage of guanine does it contain? 20%
How many strands does a complete RNA molecule have? DNA? RNA-1 DNA-2
What is a DNA molecule made of? Phosphate, Deoxyribose, Base
What is an RNA molecule made of? Phosphate, Ribose, Base
What does Chargoff’s Rule state? There will be the same number of As and Ts and the same
number of Cs and Gs in a strand of DNA
Make sure you can read a codon chart.
What is the function of tRNA? To transfer amino acids to the mRNA
Complete the second half of the DNA sequence, AGGTTCACCA, according to the
“Complementary Rule.” TCCAAGTGGT
How many different types of amino acids are there? 20
How many types of RNA are there? 3
What is the purpose of Transcription? To make a protein
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. What pigment is responsible for the yellow color of lemons? Xanthophyls
2. What happens when chlorophyll is struck by light?
Electrons are excited and water is split
3. Why are plants green? The green color is reflected back to the eye
4. What color of light would yield the highest rate of photosynthesis? Lowest? Why?
Highest=white Lowest=green
5. In what part of the chloroplast would you find photosystems 1 and 2? Thylakoid membrane
6. What stage of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma?
Calvin Cycle
7. What is the main objective of photosynthesis? Make Glucose (energy storage for plants)
RESPIRATION
8. How many total ATP does respiration produce? 36-38
9. How many net ATP does each stage of respiration produce?
Glycolysis=2
Kreb’s Cycle=2 ETC=32-34
What are the 3 stages of respiration? Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
ETC
10. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? Kreb’s Cycle? ETC?
Glycolysis=cytoplasm Kreb’s Cycle=Mitochondrial Matrix
ETC=Mitochondrial Inner
Membrane
11. What do the terms aerobic and anaerobic mean?
Aeorobic=needs oxygen Anaerobic=does not need oxygen
12. When does fermentation occur in animal cells?
In anaerobic conditions (when oxygen is not available)
CLASSIFICATION
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What are the 8 levels of classification? Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species
What kingdom does an amoeba belong?
Eubacteria
What are the rules when writing a scientific name?
Genus species (Capital Genus,
lowercase species)
What does autotrophic and heterotrophic mean?
Cannot make its own food
What does prokaryotic and eukaryotic mean? Cells have a nucleus
What does invertebrate and vertebrate mean? Invertebrate=no backbone
Vertebrate=backbone
What languages are used for scientific names? Latin and Greek
What are the 6 kingdoms?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Animal, Plant, Protist, Fungi
What kingdom would the Venus Fly Trap belong?
Plant