 Objective :
 Agenda:
 Determine the porosity
 Ground water notes
of soils and water flow
with three different
sized particles.
 Lab: Porosity of soils
and water flow
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
condensation
precipitation
transpiration
evaporation
infiltration
runoff
Water table
aquifer
Groundwater flow
Stream,
spring,
lake, or
ocean
Groundwater is always moving --but very
slowly
 PERMEABILITY – ABILITY OF WATER TO
FLOW (IMPERMEABLE – NO WATER CAN
FLOW THROUGH)
 POROSITY – PORE SPACES BETWEEN
SEDIMENTS
 CAPILLARITY – THE ABILITY OF WATER TO
MOVE UPWARD IN SOIL
1.Permeability – larger size = BETTER
small – impermeable
(cannot flow through)
2.Porosity – size has NO EFFECT
a. Shape – round = best
b. Packing – loosely packed or less
dense
c. Sorting – well sorted
3.Capillarity – smaller size sediment =
BETTER
GRAVEL
Rapid
drainage
FINE SAND
Moderate
drainage
CLAY
Slow
drainage
Clay is impermeable – water will not flow through easily
 SMALLER SIZED PARTICLES INCREASE
CAPILLARITY
INFILTRATION
Infiltration refers to water soaking into the ground:
Infiltration
rate
Infiltration
rate
Permeability
Porosity
Infiltration
rate
Infiltration
rate
Slope
Soil Storage
Saturation
1.
WATER INFILTRATES
2.
STOPS AT IMPERMEABLE LAYER
3.
RISES FROM BOTTOM UP – (LIKE
FILLING A BATH TUB)
THIS IS CALLED GROUNDWATER
AKA – SATURATED ZONE
AKA
- AQUIFER
4. TOP OF SATURATED ZONE IS
THE WATER TABLE
5.
UNSATURATED ZONE – AIR AND
WATER
6. CAPILLARY FRINGE – WATER
RISES TO FEED ROOTS
WATER TABLE
RISES WITH RAINFALL
FALLS WITH DROUGHT