Chapter 13:
Expansion,
War, and
Sectional
Crisis, 18441860
Topic/Objective: Intensified by expansion and
deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery
and other economic, cultural, and political issues led
the nation into civil war. (Key Concept 5.2)
Name:
Class/Period:
Date:
Essential Question: Provide examples of how the institution of slavery and its attendant ideological debates, along
with regional economic and demographic changes, territorial expansion in the 1840’s and 1850’s, and cultural
differences between the North and the South, all intensified sectionalism. (Key Concept 5.2 I)
Vocabulary:
Manifest Destiny
Introduction: What is the “vision” for America that is being referenced?
What obstacles stood in the way of our “dream”?
American Progress by
John Gast
What territories are gained under President Polk, how does this acquisition lead to further
sectionalism?
Manifest Destiny: South and North - Summarize the Missouri Crisis (1819-22)
The Push to the Pacific
Who is living in the Oregon Territory?
Why did US merchants show a sudden interest in the Oregon Territory?
Describe life on the trail to Oregon
Describe the lifestyle and demographics of California
How did California become “Americanized?”
How did the white settlement of the plains affect the lives of the Natives?
The Plains Indians Domination and lifestyle of the Comanches –
The effects of European weaponry –
Relationship of the Sioux with the traders –
The Fateful Election of 1844 – Southern and Northern position on Texas prior to 1844
Why did Southern expansionists insist upon the immediate annexation of Texas?
Controversy over the Oregon territory
54’ 40” or fight!
Tyler & Calhoun’s first attempt to take Texas
Why did the Democrats nominate James K Polk?
Why did Henry Clay lose the state of NY and consequently, the Presidency?
How and when did Texas become a state?
The War with Mexico, 1846-48 – state of affairs in Mexico
Steps taken by Polk to assume California
Mission of John Slidell
How did the war with Mexico begin?
How did Polk “spin” the war?
Big Bear Republic
American Military Successes – military strategy to take Mexico
Santa Anna
General Winfield Scott
A Divisive Victory - Position of the “Conscience Whigs” –
Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
Public backlash and the election results in 1846 The Wilmot Proviso – split in the Democratic party
Oregon Donation Land
Claim Act
Demands of the proviso
Slave Power Conspiracy
Why did Calhoun reject the expansionist plans of President Polk?
Free Soil – Platform of the Free Soil Party – and split with William Lloyd Garrison
The Election of 1848 – Lewis Cass and the importance of his “Squatter Sovereignty”
Three candidates for President and their stance on slavery –
Outcome? Irony of Van Buren and the Free Soil Party in the election outcome
Forty-niners (not the
football team)
California Gold and Racial Warfare – Where and when was gold discovered?
The Forty-Niners – “Claims clubs”
Treatment of Chinese
Financial fortune of most 49er’s
Racial Warfare and Land Rights – Congressional answer to the Indian problem
How did most Californians make their living?
Constitutional Conflict – John Calhoun’s position on slavery and his argument “slavery
follows the flag”
A more moderate proposal –
Plan #3 “Popular Sovereignty”
Plan #4
“fire-eaters”
A Complex Compromise – New president
Authors of the Compromise of 1850
5 terms of the Compromise
Most controversial piece of the compromise –
Ableman v Booth
Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act – (Think about the movie “12 Years As A Slave”)
No……we won’t be watching the movie; but thanks for asking
Influence of Uncle Tom’s Cabin at home and abroad
Personal-liberty laws
How did Franklin Pierce become president?
Proslavery Initiatives – new trade alliances
Gadsden Purchase –
Ostend Manifesto – why does Pierce want Cuba?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act – Why did Douglas create “Nebraska”?
Douglas’ thought process regarding the provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
What do you believe will happen? (tough one, I know)
Order of the Star Spangled
Banner
The Republican and American Parties – Which parties combine to create the Republican
Party?
Republican vision of society
The American, or Know-Nothing, Party –
John Brown
Bleeding Kansas – Atchison v New England Emigrant Aid Society
Lecompton government –
Pottawatomie
Describe the violence and major players in Bleeding Kansas
The Election of 1856 – Candidates and their platforms
Outcome?
Dred Scott: Petitioner for Freedom – The case of Dred Scott v. Sanford – Scott’s argument
and S.C. decision
The many opinions of Chief Justice Roger Taney (these are very important!)
Buchanan’s next steps…..
An Ambitious Politician – Lincoln’s political stance as a young Congressman in 1846
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates – Lincoln’s quote on slavery
Lincoln’s views on blacks
Freeport Doctrine
The Rise of Radicalism – demands of the “fire-eaters”
John Brown and the raid at Harper’s Ferry
Is John Brown a criminal or a martyr?
The Election of 1860 – Candidates and outcome (I really hope you already know who won)
Summary: Provide examples of how the institution of slavery and its attendant ideological debates, along with
regional economic and demographic changes, territorial expansion in the 1840’s and 1850’s, and cultural
differences between the North and the South, all intensified sectionalism. (Key Concept 5.2 I)
Ideological debates over slavery
Regional economic/demographic changes
Arguments over territorial expansion
Cultural differences between North and South