Palaeolithic 700,000-7000 BCE
Saharan Neolithic
Early 8800-6800
Middle 6600-5100
Late 5100-4700
8800-4700
Predynastic 5300-3000
Lower Egypt
Neolithic 5300-4000
Maadi 4000-3200
Upper Egypt
Badarian 4400-4000
Naqada I 4000-3500 (Amratian)
Naqada II 3500-3200 (Gerzean)
Naqada III 3200-3000 (Dynasty 0)
1 ST Persian Period (27 th -30 th ) 525-404
2d Persian Period 343-332
332-30 Ptolemaic Period
Macedonian332-310
Ptolemaic 305-30
Roman 30 BCE-642 CE

Nile Valley and Palestine in the Second Intermediate
Period

Hierakonpolis

Badarian pottery (British
Museum)
Naqada II pot (Metropolitan
Museum)
Assorted Old Kingdom pottery from Giza

Kylix by Euergides, circa 500 BC (British
Museum)

Diorite statue of Khafra, 4 th Dyn, from his valley temple (Egyptian Museum)

The Narmer Palette, 64 x 42 cm, from Hierokonpolis (Egyptian Museum)

Opening the Mouth ritual from the Book of the Dead of Hunefer, 19 th
Dyn, from Thebes (British Museum)

Judgment scene from the Book of the Dead.of Hunefer: Egypt’s fourteen gods seated in judgment; Anubis brings Hunefer into the judgment hall; Anubis weighs his heart as Ammit awaits the result and Thoth records; Horus presents Hunefer to Osiris, seated in his shrine with Isis and Nephthys
British Museum

Development of the Benben stone:
1. Hypothetical original
2. As hieroglyphs in Pyramid Texts
3. Round-top stelae from
Hierakonpolis (6 m)
4. Hieroglyph at Amarna (18 th Dyn)
5. Shown on a temple at Amarna
6. Granite stone at Abgig, Fayum
(12 th Dyn; 12.62 m)
7. Profile of 5 th -Dyn Sun Temple,
Abu Ghurab
8. Hieroglyph at Amarna
9. Pyramidion from pyramid of
Khendjer (13 th Dyn), Saqqara
10. Granite obelisk of Senusret I
(12 th Dyn), Helipolois (20.4 m)

Palace façade, Djoser pyramid complex (2d Dyn)

Boat Procession from the Red Chapel at Karnak (18 th Dyn)

Djoser’s Step Pyramid complex (3d Dyn)
Heb-sed ritual court

Entrance and restored elevation of the Pavilion of the
South, papyriform columns of the Pavilion of the
North; Djoser’s Step Pyramid complex (3d Dyn)

Djoser’s Step Pyramid complex (3d Dyn)
The pyramids of Giza:
Khufu, Khafre, and
Menkaure (4 th Dyn)

Painted niche-stone, Saqqara

Painted Limestone stele of
Wepemnofret and 3D enhanced detail, Giza, 4 th Dyn (Hearst
Museum)

Serdab statues of Rahotep and Nofret, 4h Dyn (Egyptian Museum)

Graywacke triad statue of pharaoh
Menkaura with Hathor and a nome goddess (0.63 m), 4 th Dyn (Egyptian
Museum)

Mastaba of Vizier Mereruka,
Saqqara, 6 th Dyn: funeral statue in front of his false door, plan, and detail of the wall relief

Wooden statues with painted stucco (now in the
Egyptian Museum) in the serdab of Mitri’s mastaba at Saqarra, 6 th Dyn

Sarcophagus of Queen
Kawit (1.19 m) from Deir el Bahari, 11 th Dyn
(Egyptian Museum)

Atum leads Senusret I to Min-Amun relief from Senusret’s White Chapel at Karnak, 12 th Dyn

Outer coffin of Djehutynakht (2.63 m long), 11 th -
12 th Dyn, from Deir el-Bersha (Museum of Fine
Arts)

Exterior and scenes from the rock-cut tomb of Khnumhotep II, nomarch under Amenemhat II and Senusret II,
12 th Dyn, Beni Hasan; right: detail of
Asiatics (Aamu)