REVIEW
ND
2
SIX
WEEKS
The student is expected to research and
debate the advantages and disadvantages
of using coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear
power, biomass, wind, hydropower,
geothermal, and solar resources AND
design a logical plan to manage energy
resources in the home, school, or
community.
ENERGY SOURCES OB 6.7AB
Key Concept 1: Coal, oil, and natural gas
are natural resources created from the
remains of early plants and animals. They
are burned to generate heat that is turned
into power
 Key Concept 2: Burning coal and oil
causes a high level of pollution, whereas
natural gas can be burned cleanly.
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6.7AB
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Key Concept 3: Nuclear power is
gathered from the nuclei of radioactive
materials. Nuclear power produces a large
amount of energy and produces waste
that cannot easily be disposed. Nuclear
power plants must be kept in very good
condition, for a meltdown leads to a large
amount of wide-scale pollution.
6.7AB
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Key Concept 4: Biomass is composed of the
remains of plants, animal waste, and/or
garbage. Biomass has many uses, including
providing nutrients to plants and the
harvesting of methane (natural gas) and
ethanol. Dry biomass is burned to generate
heat and electricity. Using biomass reduces
the amount of waste put into landfills and
reduces our reliance upon other forms of
energy; however, burning biomass results in
pollution and greenhouse gases.
6.7AB
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Key Concept 5: Wind and hydropower
use the motion of the wind and water to
turn turbines, creating energy. These
forms of energy produce no pollution and
require no consumable resources. Wind
and hydropower require large, often
complex, machinery to convert the energy
to electricity. In general, it does not
provide a very large amount of energy.
6.7AB
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Key Concept 6: Geothermal energy is
formed from the heat of Earth, and solar
energy is formed from the light of the Sun.
Both are converted to electricity and require
large, often expensive, machinery. Without
proper sunlight, solar energy production is
limited. Geothermal and solar energy
produce little to no pollution.
Key Concept 7: Energy is conserved
everywhere by examining the amount of
resources consumed, electricity used, and
fuel used.
6.7AB
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Key Concept 8: Electricity is managed by
turning off lights, keeping appliances unplugged,
and relying minimally upon the use of heating
and cooling devices. This includes air
conditioning and refrigeration.
Key Concept 9: Fuel is saved by finding
alternative forms of transportation, using
alternative-fuel vehicles, and by driving slowly.
Key Concept 10: In the home, energy
resources are most easily managed by turning
offlights, using reusable materials, remaining
mindful of water consumption, limiting hot-water
use, and recycling.
6.7AB
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Key Concept 12: In the community,
energy is managed by using local markets
and vendors, carpooling, public
transportation, and recycling programs
6.7AB
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Student Expectation
The student is expected to investigate
methods of thermal energy transfer,
including conduction, convection, and
radiation AND verify through
investigations that thermal energy moves
in a predictable pattern from warmer to
cooler until all the substances attain the
same temperature such as an ice cube
melting
THERMAL ENERGY 6.9AB
Key Concept 1: Thermal energy is the
energy of heat, which transfers from
hotter objects to colder objects.
 Key Concept 2: Conduction is the
transfer of heat that occurs when two
objects of different temperatures touch.
 Key Concept 3: Convection is the
transfer of heat that occurs in currents of
gas or liquid when substances of different
temperatures mix.
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6.9 AB
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Key Concept 4: Radiation is the transfer of
heat that occurs through empty space.
Key Concept 5: Thermal energy will
continue to move from one object to another
until all objects have reached the same
temperature.
Key Concept 6: Objects that easily transfer
thermal energy are called conductors and
objects that do not easily transfer thermal
energy are called insulators.
6.9AB
Student Expectation
 The student is expected to demonstrate
energy transformations such as energy in
a flashlight battery changes from chemical
energy to electrical energy to light energy.
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ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS 6.9C
Key Concept 1: Energy is neither created
nor destroyed; it changes from one form
to another.
 Key Concept 2: There are many different
forms of energy, such as chemical energy
(energy stored in bonds between atoms),
electrical energy (energy of electric
currents) and light energy (energy of
electromagnetic waves).
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6.9C
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Key Concept 3: Energy transformations
occur regularly in our lives, such as when we
use a flashlight (chemical to electrical to light
energy), light a match (chemical to light
energy), or digest food (chemical to
thermal).
Key Concept 4: Food chains and food webs
are also examples of an energy
transformation as radiant energy is
transformed to chemical energy in plants and
chemical energy is transformed into
mechanical energy (movement) in animals.
6.9C
6.9AB