 1608: First permanent French settlement in North
America.
 Founded by Samuel de Champlain
 Characteristics of French Colonies:
 Fur Traders
 Catholic Priests
 Friendlier to Native Americans
 1607: John Smith:
 Member of a Joint-Stock Company: group of investors
 Leader that made settlement successful.
 Jamestown
 First permanent English Colony in the Americas.
 Looking for gold.
 Noble men and adventurers.
 Original inhabitants of area
 Offered colonists food during the “Starving Time”
 Colonists and Natives were friendly at first.
 Natives offered land for settlers to farm
 Taught them how to farm.
 TOBACCO: John Rolfe discovered the crop
 BEGAN GROWING FOR EXPORT
 TO SELL IN EUROPE.
 MORE LABOR & LAND IS NEEDED TO GROW
TOBACCO
 Powhatan were forced of their land.
 REVOLT
 Killed 340 settlers
 HOW DO YOU GET MORE WORKERS?
 System created as a result of success of tobacco crop.
 Need for labor
 System provided 50 acres of land to those who would
settle in the colony.
 RESULT of SYSTEM:
 Colony’s population grew.
 Workers who exchanged their labor fro help getting
started in America.
 7 years of service
 Families would come over
 Background:
 Indentured servants service time ran up they would
become small landowners.
 This caused strains on VA’s social order.
 Less land became available in the colony.
 Settlers pushed west which caused conflict with Native
Americans.
 Cause:
 Settlers weren’t given protection by the governor of
Jamestown.
 Leader of the settlers: Nathaniel Bacon
 Led armed conflict with Native Americans
 Gov. of Jamestown condemned Bacon’s actions.
 Bacon led his forces to Jamestown and burned the town
down.
 Gov. fled the colony-----Bacon was killed
 Result:
 Government must serve all citizens.
 Ordinary citizens have a voice.
 VA began to rely on slavery for labor shortage.
 System in which people are “owned” like property.
 Slaves from Africa arrived for the first time in 1619.
 Used to harvest tobacco
 Early slaves were freed after years of service
 Over time were never allowed their freedom.
 Economic concerns and racism on the part of
European settlers help create------
 Throughout the Southern Colonies.
 Huge farms owned by wealthy landowners who raised
cash crops.
 Massive amounts of labor needed to run these farms.
 System helped firmly root slavery throughout the
colonies by the late 1600s.
 English monarch allowed the colonies to govern
themselves:
 Distance made it difficult for the King to keep control.
 How did this influence the colonies?
 Colonies had representative governments.
 Rights of citizens
 1619
 First elected legislative body in the colonies.
 Male property owners could vote
 Wealthy, upper class
 This body helped to establish representative
government through o the colonies.
 Royal Colony:
 colony governed directly by the king through an
appointed governor.
 Proprietary Colony:
 Colonies granted to a groups of private owners for
development
 Charter Colony:
 Colonies which the crown granted a charter for the
purpose of establishing a government.
 Maryland
 Virginia,
 North Carolina,
 South Carolina
 Georgia.
 Divided into three groups:
 Rich Plantation Owners
 Poor Farmers
 Slaves
 Wealthy, upper class is superior to the lower, poorer
class.
 Male members of class should hold all power &
authority.
 Public Education did not exist in the Southern
Colonies.
 Wealthy owners had their children tutored or sent to
Europe.
 Poorer colonists were educated at home.
 STAPLE CROP: crop that is in large demand and
provide the bulk of the region’s income.
 CASH CROP: one that is grown primarily for sale.
 TOBACCO , RICE & INDIGIO
 Atlantic Slave Trade: SLAVERY
 Triangular Trade:
 Three-way trading process
 Rum from New England to Africa
 Slaves from Africa to the West Indies
 Slave, Sugar from West Indies to New England
 Voyage that brought slaves from Africa to the West
Indies.
 Cruelty
 Sickness
 Death
 Suicide
 No need for mass transportation system .
 Large plantations were built near river systems.
 Having DIRECT access to these major shipping
lanes….the South DID NOT develop major centers of
commerce.
 African Slaves:
 Families were torn apart
 Rights were denied
 Some owners were brutal
 Cultures mix:
 Song, Dance, Story telling, painting all thrived within
the Slave Communities.
 Massachusetts
 New Hampshire
 Rhode Island
 Connecticut
 Separatist: group that broke from the Church of
England
 1620: established the Plymouth Colony
 Puritan group
 Family groups came to North America to escape
religious persecution.
 Celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.
 Puritans:
 Family Groups who were church members who wanted
to purify the Church of England.
 Build a community based on biblical teachings.
 Religious Dissent:
 Disagreement with religious authority
 Founded after Plymouth Colony
 First Governor was John Winthrop
 Capital city was BOSTON
 Right to vote for all male church members.
 Voted for council and governor
 Mayflower Compact:
 Created a civil government in Plymouth.
 Power of government was from the people.
 Town Meetings:
 local, tax paying people got together to discuss and vote
on issues.
 Relied heavily on the Atlantic Ocean.
 Shipbuilding
 Trade
 Fishing
 Main reason why England establishes the colonies in
N. America.
 Theory that countries grew wealthier and
maintained their national security by exporting
MORE than they import.
 “Favorable balance of trade”
 Puritans promoted public education
 Everyone should be able to read the Bible.
 Generally, only boys attended school. Girls were
schooled at home.
 Established Harvard and Yale.
 Founded by Roger Williams
 Had no rightful claim to native land.
 People should be able to practice their religion freely.
 WHY was Rhode Island founded?
 Williams was going to be arrested & he fled.
 Made a deal with Native for land and set up city of
PROVIDENCE
 Began teaching Bible studies at her home.
 Women were not supposed to teach.
 She taught: people don’t need the church or ministers
to interpret the Bible.
 ANNE was BANISHED!!
 She fled to Rhode Island
 Disagreed with Church
 Left Massachusetts
 FOUNDED CONNETICUT
 Government's power cane only from people
 Set limits on power of government.
 1684
 Constant political and religious unrest in the colony
led the Crown to take over leadership.
 Royal Colony in 1691.
 The Crown established a NEW legislature:
 Abolished requirement that every member be a member
of the church.
 Metacom: (KING PHILIP)
 Chief of the Wampanoag people.
 His people had to obey Puritan laws.
 Organized tribes to wipe out colonists in New England.
 He was shot in the heart in Rhode Island
 Ended the conflict.
 Disputes over land
 False treaties
 Native power was gone forever in New England
 1/10 of male population of colonists were killed.
 “Conversion Experiences” required for church
membership
 (coming to true faith in Christ)
 Original settlers feared their children would not have
this----the Church changed their membership
requirements
 Partial membership in the church for the children and
grandchildren of full members
 Regardless of conversion.
 Needed to be baptized
 Did not have voting rights
 1692:
 Young girls accused various townspeople of begin
witches.
 Many were tired and condemned to death by hanging.
 Numerous Factors:
 Religious fervor
 Political Unrest
 Poor Harvest
 New York
 Pennsylvania
 New Jersey
 Delaware
 1621---founded by the DUTCH
 People from The Netherlands
 Dutch government granted permission to colonize
area of the Hudson River.
 Expand the thriving fur industry.
 1625
 Capital city of New Netherland
 Diverse colony
 The Dutch were separating English northern and
southern colonies.
 Dutch were driven out
 Duke of York was the new PROPRIETOR:
 Owner of the colony
 RENAMED colony-----NEW YORK
 Proprietor or owner is WILLIAM PENN
 QUAKERS:
 Believed that God’s inner light burned inside everyone.
 No formal ministers.
 Opposed war
 Practiced religious tolerance
 Both Farming, Shipping & Commerce
 Large cities; New York & Philadelphia
 No large slavery population.
 Economic ties to Native American tribes.
 Diverse
 Everyone was welcome
 VERY FRIENDLY!!
 Penn bought land from Natives
 Regulated Trade
 Established a court for disputes
 No major conflicts for 50 years!!
 The ability to move from one social status to another.
 Many people came to North America of new
opportunities it offered.
 In Europe land was limited & social status was well-
defined.
 In North America---through hard work, lower class from
Europe could advance in economic status.
 The belief in the ability of each individual to achieve
success if they simply applied themselves.
 Helped lead to ideas such as:
 Universal Suffrage:
 All white makes being allowed to vote.
 Democracy
 People electing whomever they wish to serve in public office
rather than simply those from a select ruling class.
 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
 Inventor
 Scientist
 Writer
 Ambassador
 Founding Father of the United States
 He was NOT born into the upper class of society---he
WORKED his way up.
 1730s
 Religious movement that featured:
 Passionate preaching
 Revivals
 LEADERS:
 Jonathan Edwards
 Called for colonist to come back to a sincere commitment to
Christ.
 Encourage colonists to think for themselves on
religious matters.
 Ensure principles like:
 freedom of religion
 Separation of church and state
 Allow citizens to practice own faith.