DNA and Protein Synthesis
Transformation
What does it mean to be transformed?
How did Griffith’s experiment give
clues about the role of genes?
Avery’s Experiment
What is the significance of
DNase?
Hershey - Chase
What would have it meant if they
found Sulfur inside the cells and
not phosphorus?
What are the three roles of DNA?
The Role Of DNA
• Store information in the form of genes
• Copy information during mitosis
• Transmit information from one generation to the next
What are the 3 parts of a
nucleotide?
Can you draw a nucleotide?
What type of bonds are between
the sugar and the phosphate
group?
What type of bond hold the
nitrogen bases together?
Nucleotides
Can you show me that you
understand Chargaff’s rule?
Chargaff’s Rule
• Go to page 345
“Analyzing Data”to
review Chargaff’s rule.
Using 4 nucleotides, can you draw
DNA being double sided and antiparallel?
DNA Structure
• Go to page 348 to
review your
understanding of the
key concepts.
What is the role of the following
enzymes involved in DNA
replication?
Helicase
Polymerase
Ligase
DNA Replication
DNA Replication
• Leading End- DNA is added continuously towards the
replication fork
• Lagging End – DNA is added discontinuously away from
the replication fork using primers and Okazaki fragments
Chapter 12 Assessment
• Review the question from pages 356 – 357 (# 1-6 & 9-11)
• Review question 1-5 and question 10 on page 359
Chapter 17 Protein Synthesis
Types of RNA
DNA & RNA
• Master Plan vs Blue Print
• How is RNA different from DNA?
Protein Synthesis
• Transcription
oTakes place in the nucleus
oMakes a strand of mRNA from _____
oPromoters tell the enzyme RNA ____________
where to transcribe the DNA template strand.
oThe mRNA is spliced keeping the _________
and removing the ____________. RNA splicing
allow on gene to code for more than one
_____________
Translation
oTakes place in the ___________
oStarts with a start _________
oTermination occurs at the stop ________
oMolecules involved; mRNA, tRNA,
ribosomes, amino acids
oThe end product of translation is a
_____________
oThe central dogma states that ________
makes _________ which codes for a
_________.
Translation
• mRNA has a series of codons that specify
the certain amino-acid sequence
• A codon codes for a specific _________
which is a subunit of a ____________
• Codon ACC codes for __________
(use your codon table on page 367)
Translation
• tRNA has __________ that are
complementary to codons on mRNA
• tRNA – CCU is complementary
to ____ - mRNA
• tRNA has an attachment site so it can
transport amino acids to the __________
Translation
• Ribosomes are made of the large and small
sub units
• The sub units are composed of ______ and
proteins
• Ribosomes read the ______ strand and
allow the _____ to bring in the proper
amino acid to the growing polypeptide
chain
Translation
• 3 steps of translation include:
• Initiation – the ______ attaches to the mRNA
strand
• Elongation – the ribosome allows the
polypeptide chain to grow one _______ at a
time.
• Termination – when a _______ codon is
reached the polypeptide chain is complete
13.2 Assessment
• Go to page 371 and answer questions 1-3
Table of Codons
Quick Lab
• Go to page 367 and lets review “How Does
a Cell Interpret Codon”
Gene Mutations
Mutations
• Chromosomal
13.3 Assessment
• Go to page 376 to review key concepts
question #1
Mutations and Evolution
• Slight variations in populations are due to
changes in the DNA (genes)
• Leads to some individuals having more
favorable traits than others and gives them
a better chance at survival
Chapter 13 Review
• Review questions on pages 386 – 387
o13.1 questions 1-5
o13.2 questions 8-14
o13.3 questions 18-23
• Standardized Test Prep on page 389
oQuestions 1-8