Internal
Membrane
System
Division II
By Ann, Alex W., Alex O., and Taylor
Three Parts of The Internal Membrane System DII
● Golgi Apparatus/Vacuoles
● Lysosomes
● Peroxisomes
Golgi Apparatus
● receives proteins and lipids(fats)
from the rough endoplasmic
reticulum
● modifies, sorts, and packs these
materials into sealed droplets called
vesicles
● the vesicles are then sent into the
lysosomes, plasma membrane, or
outside the cell
● found in plants and animals
Vacuoles
● in plants and animals(much smaller in animals)
● membrane-enclosed fluid filled sac
● main functions:
○ make plants rigid by using water to develop
hydrostatic pressure
○ store nutrient and non-nutrient chemicals
○ processing and storage of waste products
○ help in cell elongation
Why are they important?
● without the Golgi Apparatus, cells would not be able to properly use
biochemicals
○ insulin
○ digestive enzymes
○ pectin
● plants need vacuoles because they don’t have a well-developed excretory
system
● plants store their chemicals(such as petal pigments) in vacuoles
○ these chemicals can deter predators or attract pollinators to plants
● vacuoles store food material for the next generation, which is especially
important in plants that don’t germinate right away(ex. tubers, rhizomes, and
bulbs)
Lysosomes- Little Enzyme Packages
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Lysosomes are single-membrane bounded organelles
found mainly in animal eukaryotic cells.
They hold enzymes proteins which are created in the
rough ER.
The purpose of a Lysosome is to break down/digest
macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, food),
repair cell membranes and respond against foreign
substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens.
Lysosomes can be found floating in the cytoplasm until
they are needed. If there is nothing to digest or break
down, lysosomes will actually digest the cell organelles
for nutrients.
Why are they important?
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Lysosomes consume worn out structures in the cell
and fight off bacteria/viruses keeping the organelle
safe.
Since lysosomes break down and digest unwanted
substances, they are necessary in getting rid of
waste.
If a cell did not have lysosomes, it would
potentially starve, since Lysosomes contain
enzymes important for digesting nutrients.
Without them it could lead to LSD (Lysosomal
Storage Disease) or death.
Lysosomes Summary
Peroxisomes
● peroxisomes are single membrane
organelles that does not produce DNA or
enzymes.
● All enzymes are imported into the
organelle to break down things that are
toxic to the entire cell and the organelle.
● Synthesizes cholesterol, bile acids, and
lipids for the myelin sheath.
● Breaks down fatty acids and hydrogen
peroxide.
● They are also referred to as microbodies.
Why are they important?
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The lipids for the myelin sheath are needed to basically function. the disorder for not
having these lipids is X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy and its the disease the boy in
lorenzo's oil has.
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Also if it were not to break down the acids and hydrogen peroxide than these would
become very toxic to the cell and start damaging it.
Sources
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http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/golgi-apparatus/
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http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/proeu/images/12204b.jpg
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https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/theendomembrane-system-and-proteins-61/lysosomes-321-11457/
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http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_lysosome.html
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http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/endoplasmic-reticulum-golgi-apparatus-and-lysosomes-14053361