My Cell Book
(Cover)
Cell Theory (pg 1)
• Cells were first observed in
1665 by Robert Hooke, who
looked at thin slices of cork
under a microscope
• He saw tiny roomlike
structures
• He called them cells
Cell Theory (1 & 2)
• Several scientists worked
together to develop the cell
theory which states:
1. All living things are made of
cells
2.Living cells come only from
other living cells
Cell Theory (pg 2)
3.Cells are the basic units of
structure and function in all
living things
Cell Theory (pg 3)
• Cells grow and divide
• Because cells are so small,
the microscope needed to
be developed before
scientists could study them
What are cells made of?
(pg 4)
• very tiny structures called
organelles
• While plant cells and animal
cells have many of the
same structures they have
some that are different
What are cell organelles?
(5)
• Cell structures that carry out
specific functions within the
cell.
• Each has a different job, but all
structures must work together
to keep the cell working
properly.
*Cell membrane (Structure)
pg 6
Describe the cell
membrane
• A thin covering that
surrounds the cell
• Made up of a double layer of
lipids and numerous proteins
Function of Cell
Membrane
• Protects and supports the
cell
• Controls what materials
enter and leave
Describe the Cell Wall
(Structure) pg7
• Ridgid wall made of
cellulose
• Only in
plants
Function of Cell Wall
• Found only in plant cells
• Helps to support and protect
the cell
• Also allows materials to
enter and leave
Cytoplasm (Structure) (pg 8)
Describe cytoplasm
• Found in plant and animal
cells
• Clear, jelly-like substance
• The area between the cell
membrane and the nucleus
• Moves constantly in cell
Function of the Cytoplasm
• holds organelles
Structure & Function of
the Nucleus (pg 9)
• control or
direct the cell's
activities
Describe the nucleus
• Found in plant and animal
cells
• Large, oval structure
• Near center of cell
Mitochondria (Structure)
pg 10
Describe the Mitochondria
• Rod-shaped
• Has an outer membrane
and inner membrane
that is folded in layers
• Found in plant and
animal cells
Function of the Mitochondria
• Power House" of the cell
• Break down sugars into
water and carbon dioxide
• Release large amounts of
energy
• Energy is used to power the
cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Structure) pg 11
Describe Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• Found in plant and animal
cells
• folded membranes with or
without ribosomes
• Clear, tubular passageways
Function of the endoplasmic
reticulum
• carries proteins throughout
the cell
• “roadway”
Lysosomes (Structure) pg 12
Describe Lysosomes
• Found in animal cells and
sometimes in plant cells
• Small round structures
• digestive enzymes enclosed
in a membrane
Function of Lysosomes
• Cells cleanup crew
• digest worn out cell
organelles and other wastes
Vacuoles (Structure) pg 14
Ribosomes (Structure) pg 13
Describe Ribosomes
• Tiny grain like structure
• Some stick to the ER others
move around freely in the
cytoplasm
• Found in plant and animal
cells
Function of Ribosomes
• Make proteins and rRNA for
the cell
Describe Vacuoles
• sacs containing water, salt,
carbohydrates and proteins
• Plant cells usually have one
large one
• Animal cells have a few
small ones or none at all
Function of Vacuoles
• Storage tanks for the cells
• Store food, water and other
materials
• Can also store waste materials
• Keep plant cells plump and
firm
Golgi Bodies (Structure)
pg 15
Describe Golgi bodies
• Stacks of flattened sacs
• Found in plant and animal
cells
Function of Golgi bodies
• package, store, modify and
transport molecules
(proteins)
• Warehouse of cell
*Chloroplasts (Structure)
pg 16
Describe Chloroplasts
• Found only in plant cells
• Large green structure
• Contain chlorophyll - a
green pigment
Function of Chloroplast
• convert the sun's energy
(sunlight) into glucose
Animal Cell pg 65
Plant Cell pg 64