Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_1
Name _______________________________________________ Lab _______ Block ________
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer
Indiana Content Standards
3.4 Describe how matter cycles through an ecosystem by way of food chains and food webs and how
organisms convert that matter into a variety of organic molecules to be used in part in their own cellular
structures.
3.5 Describe how energy from the sun flows through an ecosystem by way of food chains and food webs
and only a small portion of that energy is used by individual organisms while the majority of energy is
lost by heat.
Objectives
Explain the connection between photosynthesis, cellular respiration and the food chain
Compare autotrophs to heterotrophs
Compare producers and consumers
Compare types of consumers: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores and decomposers
Construct a food web showing proper energy flow from producers to consumers
Know the trophic levels
Explain 10% energy loss from heat and excretion at each trophic level
Identify trophic levels with the most and least energy available
__________________________________________________________________________________
The Energy Cycle
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_2
Food Webs
Notes
Producer/Autotroph:
Consumer/Heterotroph:
Food Web:
Shows the complex relationships between __________________ and __________________.
The arrows show the flow of ____________________
FROM the ___________________________
TO the ______________________________
Types of Consumers
Herbivore:
Carnivore:
Omnivore:
Detritivore:
Decomposer:
Why are detritivores and decomposers so important? _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_3
Research and Report
The earth is divided into global communities of organisms characterized by climate conditions
and plant communities that thrive there. These global communities are called Biomes. Research
some information about each biome, and describe each of them briefly here. Include
information about the climate and types of animals and plants that live there.
Rainforest:
Savanna:
Desert:
Temperate Forest:
Grassland:
Tundra:
Taiga Forrest:
Next, decide as a group which Biome you would like to learn more about. Your next task will be
to build a food web with the plants and animals living in the Biome you choose.
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_4
Name of Biome you have chosen: ______________________________________________
First find three herbivores living in that biome. Next find three carnivores, then three
omnivores, then three detritivores and finally three composers.
Later you will build food webs with the information you just researched.
List 3 producers:
List 3 herbivores:
List 3 carnivores:
List 3 omnivores:
List 3 detritivores:
List 3 decomposers:
Digital Assignment - Energy Transfer
Complete the “Energy Transfer” assignment posted in Google Classroom.
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_5
Metabolism & Energy Lost as Heat
Indiana Content Standards
B.3.3 Recognize and describe that metabolism consists of all the biochemical reactions that occur inside
cells, including the production, modification, transport, and exchange of materials that are required for
the maintenance of life.
Objectives
Describe the chemical processes involved in metabolism pertaining to the creation and release of energy
Calculate the loss of energy at each trophic level
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Metabolism
Seven Characteristics of Living Things
•
•
•
•
•
•
Made of cells.
Grow and develop.
Adapt to surroundings.
Reproduce.
Maintain homeostasis.
Respond to stimulus.
•
___________________________________________________________________
Metabolism is the sum of the chemical processes in an organism that make, maintain and
destroy material, and the sum of chemical processes that _______________________ and
______________________ ________________________.
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_6
Let’s connect metabolism to the energy cycle:
Instructions: Number the diagram below with these seven steps:
1. Sunlight, carbon dioxide and water enter the chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place
2. Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose, a six carbon sugar
3. Glycolysis breaks down the six carbon glucose molecule into two three carbon pyruvates in the
cytoplasm
4. The pyruvates and oxygen enter the mitochondrion where cellular respiration occurs
5. Cellular respiration produces the energy organisms need to live in the form of ATP, an energy
storing molecule
6. Energy is released by the body in the form of heat
7. The waste products of cellular respiration, water and carbon dioxide, together with sunlight,
enter the chloroplast and the cycle continues.
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_7
Notes:
Energy Pyramid
Energy _____________ in a food chain is shown in an energy pyramid.
The pyramid shape illustrates that ________ energy is available at the _____________________ of the
food chain than the top.
Energy pyramids are divided into ________________________ _______________________. Trophic
means related to “feeding and nutrition”.
Each trophic level offers ______________ energy than the level below.
Organisms use approximately _________________ of their energy in _____________________,
so only ________________ is passed on to the next level, or link in the food chain.
The energy used is released as ___________________.
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_8
Instructions
1. Use a marker to circle and label a producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary
consumer in the same food chain.
2. Draw arrows showing the flow of energy.
3. Label the amount of energy available to each level.
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_9
Critical Thinking Questions
Which of the following is a producer?
A. Fox
B. Lizard
C. Cactus
D. Scorpion
A cell contains both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Which conclusion can you draw about this
organism?
A. It is a heterotroph
B. It does not have a metabolism
C. It carries out photosynthesis and cellular respiration
D. It gets its energy by consuming other organisms and food
Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts. What does this indicate about how animals must get the
sugars they need to produce chemical energy that their cells can use?
What process in the human body transfers the energy from eating food to ATP?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Cellular respiration
C. Translation
D. Transcription
The Yellowstone area contains a great variety of organisms, including plants, algae, moss, fungi, blue
jays fish and grizzly bears. Which sequence best represents the transfer of matter and energy through
the Yellowstone ecosystem?
A. fungi to moss to algae to fish
B. blue jay to moss, to fungi to plant
C. algae to fish to grizzly bear to fungi
D. plant to blue jay to algae to grizzly bear
Which food chain is possible?
A. consumerconsumer producer
B. consumer producer  consumer
C. producer consumer consumer
D. producerproducer consumer
Which of the following shows the flow of energy within an ecosystem?
A. cladogram
B. dichotomous key
C. food web
D. punnett square
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_10
How would the grasshopper be classified in the following food chain?
Plants  grasshopper  rats  owls 
A. producer
B. primary consumer
C. tertiary consumer
D. secondary consumer
In which trophic level is there the LEAST amount of energy available?
A. producer
B. tertiary consumer
C. primary consumer
D. secondary consumer
What would happen to an ecosystem if the detritivores and decomposers suddenly disappeared?
A. There would be more producers
B. There would be more carnivores
C. Dead organisms would take over the ecosystems of our planet
What is the maximum percent of energy available to a wolf that consumes a field mouse (herbivore)?
A. .1%
B. 1%
C. 10%
D. 100%
Which of the following describes metabolism?
A. Chemical reactions in the body that produce energy
B. Chemical reactions in the body that store and release energy
C. Chemical reactions in the body that make and destroy material
D. All of the above
Why isn’t 100% of the sun’s energy available to consumers?
A. 100% of the sun’s energy is available to consumers
B. Most is used up by metabolism and lost by heat
C. Some producers are not eaten when they are alive, so not as much energy transfers
Standard 3: Matter Cycles and Energy Transfer, L. Huth_11
Insert POGILs in the Following Order:
• The Nitrogen Cycle
• The Carbon Cycle
• The Water Cycle
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