Main Concept 4: There are six
“forms” of energy:
1) Heat Energy: (Thermal) Measurement of total
movement of Particles (kinetic energy)
Heat Energy is the form of energy that
is related to and caused by “heat”
Measurement of total movement
of molecules (Kinetic Energy)
Heat energy is measured
by “Temperature”
So a higher temperature simply
means that the atoms
are moving faster!
Liquid A
Liquid B
Think: Which of the two liquid samples
has a higher temperature? WHY?
A higher temp. means more Kinetic
energy for the molecules!
2) Mechanical Energy:
Energy which deals with the motion of
physical
both large and small.
Likeobjects
a ball bouncing…
Ball
A person running…
Oh! And don’t forget music!
A rocket launching…
Important: All motion will create heat! Rub your hands together,
what do you feel? Run a mile, what happens to your core
temp? Drive a car then feel the hood, what does it feel like?
Mechanical Energy
The little squares represent individual
 Sound
= Oscillations
or vibrations
of just
Molecules
of a “medium”.
Notice they
molecules
compressional
Move
back anddue
forthtoas
he energy passes through!
disturbances
The wave lines represent the movement of energy!
Not the movement of the molecules themselves!
3) Electric Energy:
= Movement of electric charges in FLOW
These charges can be made
to move through a wire
Electric energy “flows” through
wires to our houses where
we plug stuff in!
Electricity is electric energy
Lightning is Electric energy
4) Light Energy:
Energy from the wave motion of a moving charged particle in the that disturbs
the electromagnetic field, the result is the light we see.
+/-
Color is simply a form of light that our
eyes can see. All forms of light are
from a wave motion of particles
5) Chemical Energy:
= Energy holding atoms to other atoms (“bonds”)
Batteries use atomic
bonds for energy
Food=People Fuel!
2 Oxygen atoms being
held together by chemical
energy!
Plants make sugar
from sunlight
Fire is a result of
chemical energy
Gasoline=Car Fuel!
6) Nuclear energy:

Energy holding the nucleus (center) of an atom together.
Nuclear energy holds
P+ and N0 of the
nucleus together
If we split an atoms
nucleus, we release
TONS of energy!!!
Nuclear Energy
The most classic example of
Nuclear Energy is the Sun!
We normally think of Nuclear
Energy like a nuclear bomb!
The idea of this energy being let
canAtoms
be scary
Insideloose
the sun,
of Hydrogen
are being broken apart and remade into
new elements (like: Helium and Carbon)
In fact, all the energy for every
solar system starts out as
Nuclear Energy in a star!
But humans have figured out that
we can control this energy enough
to use it for electricity!
Main Principal # 5
Energy Transfer

One of the most important concepts is: All
types and forms of energy can be
changed into any other type or form.
Example: Potential changes into Kinetic
Video: “Elasta-Girl!”
Stop once you reach this slide!!! Wait for the teacher to show you the video.
How “Elasta-Girl” shows
Energy transfer:
As she gets pulled back the bungee cords
gain more elastic potential energy
Wait a minute! Why did we get
A change in the graphs at the end?
When she is released, all that
Elastic Potential changes into
Kinetic as the cords snap back Potential
Kinetic
Remember the roller
coaster?
The Gravitational Potential
Energy of the roller coaster
transfers into Kinetic Energy
when it rolls down the hill!
Watch the graphs while
the coaster falls!
Potential
Kinetic
What about the rocket?
Watch the graphs while
the rocket takes off:
Potential
Kinetic
But it isn’t as simple as
that!
There
isthe
more
energy
here
Think: so why
are
heights
ofinvolved
each graph
different?
than just Potential and Kinetic:
The total amount of the Potential energy we started with
equals the amount of energy we ended up with!
Chemical
Potential
Kinetic
Gravitational
Potential
Heat
Energy Form Transfer:

All energy can be transferred from one form
to another.
For example:
Mechanical
Heat
Stop here and wait for the teacher to do a demo:
Ex: “Burrell’s Energy Spheres of FUN!”
Main Concept 5:

Any Form of energy can change into pretty
much any other form of energy including a
change into more than one at a time!
Heat
Nuclear
Electromagnetic
Heat
Chemical
Chemical
Mechanical
Heat
Heat
Electric
AllDid
energy
also
make
heat!
Thisenergy”
heat is usually lost to space..
Think:
you changes
notice how
many
times
“heat
showed up? What might explain this?
Three main facts of
energy transfer:



Main Concept 6: There is only so much
total energy in the universe.
All forms of energy are interchangeable
“Law of Conservation of Energy”
Says: Energy cannot be created or destroyed it is always
conserved somewhere/somehow. Energy can only be
moved or changed into something else.
(changed from one type or form into another)
Stop here and wait for your teacher to do a demonstration:
Conservation of Energy:
Ex: “The Pendulum of
Fear!”
The pendulum will NOT gain or lose energy when it swings!
It only swings with as much energy as it is given!
Application of Energy
Conservation:

But we realize that
pendulums WILL eventually
slow down and stop
swinging! This seems to
contradict the Law of C.E.

BUT IT DOESN’T!

Can you explain why the
pendulum does slow down?
(hint: think about forces!)
Friction from air resistance
Both forces act to slow down and
eventually stop the pendulum.
Gravity is constantly pulling down
We can draw a “flow chart” to
show energy changes:
Gravitational
Potential
Mechanical
Electric
Light and Heat
Moving water turns a “generator” to make electricity that comes to
our house and we use for lots of things