Topic: Classification
Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six
kingdoms.
Do Now: Describe some characteristics used to
classify organisms. (You read about this in the
last textbook assignment.
HW: Read text pgs. 210-220. Complete the
Different Types of Protists Worksheet (due
Thursday).
(Salamander Dichotomous Key due tomorrow!)
2. Which part of a microscope should
be used with the low power objective,
but not with the high-power objective?
a. fine adjustment
b. diaphragm
c. coarse adjustment
d. eyepiece
4. The total magnification of an image
is the result of the combined
magnifications of the
a. eyepiece and diaphragm
b. objective and eyepiece
c. objective and mirror
d. low-power and high-power objectives
20. A prepared slide was placed on the stage of a
microscope so that the slide faced the student,
as shown in the diagram below.
Which image will the student most likely
see?
Two students were working together on a lab to
look at one-celled organisms in pond water with
a compound light microscope. The students
used an eye dropper to place the sample on a
clean slide. They put the slide on the stage and
looked at it first under low power, focused with
the coarse adjustment, centered their
specimen, then moved to high power and
focused with the fine adjustment. STATE THE
ONE ERROR (mistake) THAT THE
STUDENTS MADE.
26. The diagram below
represents a
specimen on a slide
as seen with the lowpower objective of a
compound light
microscope. Explain
which way the slide
should be moved to
center the specimen
in your field of view.
Write your answer on
the lines below.
Archeabacteria • Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Obligate anaerobes
• Autotrophic (make
their own food) or
Heterotrophic
nutrition (cannot
make their own food)
• Found in extreme environments
- hot boiling water and thermal vents
- highly acidic environments
Hot Springs
Hydrothermal vents
The hot springs of
Yellowstone National
Park, USA, were
among the first places
Archaebacteria were
discovered. The
biologists pictured
above are immersing
microscope slides in
the boiling pool onto
which some
archaebacteria might
be captured for study.
Eubacteria • Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic nutrition
Yogurt contains lactobacteria,
intestines-friendly bacterial cultures
that foster a healthy colon, and
even lower the risk of colon cancer.
Lactobacteria, especially
acidophilus, promotes the growth
of healthy bacteria in the colon.
The more of these intestinesfriendly bacteria that are present in
your colon, the lower the chance of
colon diseases. Basically, the
friendly bacteria in yogurt seems to
deactivate harmful substances
before they can become
carcinogenic.
• Found everywhere
- most are helpful (produce vitamins)
- some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat)
Streptococci pyogenes
Salmonella enteriditis
Strep throat
Salmonella poisoning
Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one
person's mouth than there are people in the
world.
Protists
• Unicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic
• Ex:
1.Protozoa: heterotrophic
– Ex: Ameoba, paramecium
2. Autotrophic: algae
Fungi • Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
– Absorb digested food from
their environment (dead
organisms)
• Examples: Mushrooms
•Mold
• Yeast (unicellular)
Plants • Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Ex: Trees, grasses…
•
Multicellular
Animals
• Heterotrophic
• Examples: Humans,
jellyfish, insects, dogs,
fish…
Domain Bacteria is
familiar to most
people when
associated with
human or animal
disease. However,
there are many
bacterial species do
not (and cannot)
cause disease. Many
species even play
beneficial roles by
producing antibiotics
and food. The soil
teems with free-living
bacteria that perform
many essential
functions in the
biosphere, e.g.
nitrogen fixation.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/clas
sification/
Domain Eukaryota
include protists and
the cells that make
up fungi, plants,
animals.
Domain Archaea wasn't
recognized as a major
domain of life until quite
recently. Scientists were
studying different
prokaryotes and found that
there were two distinctly
different groups: those that
lived at high temperatures or
produced methane clustered
together as a group.
Because of their difference
in genetic makeup,
scientists proposed that life
be divided into 3 domains.
Let’s summarize…
1. Name the five kingdoms.
2. Which kingdoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
are made up of unicellular organisms?
are made up of multicellular organisms?
are autotrophic?
are heterotrophic?
Review: Identify the kingdom described.
1. Multi-cellular and autotrophic
2. Unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or
heterotrophic
3. Multi-cellular and heterotrophic
4. Multi-cellular, absorb digested food from the
environment
5. Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or
heterotrophic
6. Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, ingest food
Review:
1. Which kingdom is made up of unicellular
organisms with no nucleus?
(1.) Protists
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Monera (4.) Plants
2. Bacteria are found in the kingdom
(1.) Fungi
(2.) Monera
(3.) Protista (4.) Animal
3. A scientist recently discovered a pond
organism that is unicellular, contains
chloroplasts and other membrane-bound
organelles, and possesses a flagellum. In which
kingdom is this organism classified?
(1.) Monera
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Protists
(4.) Plant
4. Mushrooms and molds belong to the kingdom
(1.) Fungi
(2.) Monera
(3.) Protista
(4.) Animalia
5. An organism that is unicellular, contains a
nucleus and is autotrophic is classified as a
(1.) Plant
(2.) Protist
(3.) Algae
(4.) Fungi
6. Multicellular organisms that absorb
digested nutrients from the environment is
classified as
(1.) animals
(2.) fungi
(3.) protists
(4.) paramecia