L. Axelson
History Rm 28
ISRAELITES
VOCABULARY
1. Monotheism- belief in one God
2. Judaism- the religion of the Jews
3. Exodus- the Hebrews escape from Egypt
4. covenant- an agreement
5. messiah- deliverer sent by God
6. disciple- follower of Jesus
7. Christianity- the religion of the Christians
8. Synogogue-Jewish house of worship
9. parable- stories used from every day life to express spiritual ideas
10.prophet- person instructed by God to lead
11.rabbi- teacher of the Jewish Law
12.torah- The Jewish law (1st 5 books of the Bible)
13.resurrection- to rise from the dead
TIMELINE
1900 BC
God told Abraham to move his people (the Hebrews) from Ur into Canaan
He did. Later they suffered from lack of food (famines) so….
1700 BC Hebrews migrated into Egypt. (For the next 430 years the Israelites were slaves in Egypt
1200 BC Moses led a great escape from Egypt and slavery. Escaped across the desert into Canaan. Fought many
battles, won some land, settled down to farm. Had to keep fighting to defend their land against the Philistines
1020 BC Israelites choose Saul as their first king. Saul led Israelites in a fight
against the Philistines, yet unable to defeat them.
1000 BC Famous David and Goliath fight (David, a boy against Goliath, a Philistine warrior) David wins with just a
sling shot and one stone. This wins him Saul’s daughter as his wife and the kingdom when Saul dies.
1000-965 BC David becomes King after Saul dies. He brings all 12 tribes together to defeat the Philistines. He captured
Jerusalem and made it their capital city of the Israelite nation. His dynasty lasted more than 400 years.
965-928 BC David dies and son Solomon becomes king. Solomon set up trade links with other lands, made
Israel rich and powerful, built a great temple in Jerusalem. That temple became the center of religious life
and symbol of their faith.
926 B.C.
Israel was a much stronger nation, but it’s growth had put a heavy burden of heavy taxes on it’s people.
These taxes were needed to pay for the building projects. King Solomon had required the men to work on
the buildings without pay. People began to resent the burden the king had put on them.
After Solomon’s death (922B.C.), these resentments turned into revolts.
Quarrels broke out between the North and South
Solomon’s son Rehoboam was not strong enough to stop them. The country split into two kingdoms.
Israel (north) chose own king and moved their capital to Samaria
Judah (south) kept capital Jerusalem (these Israelites renamed Jews)
EXISTED SIDE BY SIDE FOR 200 YEARS!!!!!!
722 B.C.
602 B.C.
Assyrians conquered Israel and scattered the tribes across their empire.
Chaldeans conquered Egypt and ruled Judah. At first they were kind and allowed Jews to keep their king as
long as they paid tribute Judah held out against the Chaldean invasion until…….
Israelites2/Axelson
597 B.C. Chaldean King Nebuchadnezzar came into power. He captured Jerusalem and punished the Jews severely
He made 10,000 Jews leave the city and live in Babylon and appointed a new Jewish king
588 B.C.
Babylonian captivity (Jews forced to live in the city of Babylon
The Assyrians and Chaldeans wanted to control the land belonging to the Israelites because
they wanted to control the trade routes that ran through the Israelite kingdoms.
540 B.C.
Persian ruler Cyrus the Great took control of Babylon, allowed Jews to return to Judah yet not allowed
to rule their homeland
WITH NO KING- leadership of the Jews fell to the priests
Rebuilt temple of Jerusalem
Ezra, a priest, brought the Torah(instruction) first 5 books of the Bible Ezra demanded that Jews obey the
Torah and separate themselves from the people who did not.
400 B.C.
Judaism defined by obedience to the Torah
JEWS GOVERNED THEMSELVES FOR 200 YEARS EVEN THOUGH EGYPTIANS AND
PERSIANS WERE THEIR OVERLORDS
Jews began to hope for a leader to free them from foreign rule. This hope for a leader was called the
messiah.
200 B.C.
Rulers from Syria took over Israel. They brought ideas from the Greek culture.
175 B.C.
Ruler Antiochus forced Jews to adopt Greek customs, outlawed study of
the Torah, ordered Jewish priests to make offerings to Greek Gods
164 B.C.
A priest named Judah Maccabee, and his followers rebelled. They fled to the hills and formed an army
known as the Maccabees They drove the Greeks out of Judah.
The reign of Torah was restored. Chanukah celebrates this victory.
63 B.C.
Rome conquered Judah renamed it Judea
radical religious groups hoped to overthrow the Romans
33 A.D.
Jesus began preaching. He taught Judaism in a specific way. He taught some points, yet disagreed with
other points. Many Jews did not believe Jesus’ teachings, those who followed him considered him their
leader. The Romans feared Jesus. They thought he’d get the Jews to revolt against them. Jesus was
arrested and Pontius Pilate allowed him to be put to death by Crucifixion. The New Testament in the Bible
states that Jesus rose from the dead, Resurrection. The teachings of Jesus is called Christianity
66 A.D.
A group of Jews called Zealots rebelled against Roman rule. They were
able to hold off the Romans inside the city walls of Jerusalem for 5 months
70 A.D.
Romans burned down the temple and destroyed the city. All that remained was the Western Wall. TODAY
Jews still go to the western wall to weep over the loss of their city
It took 3 more years before the Romans were able to conquer the last center of the Jewish resistance. The
Masada fort was built on top of a 1400 foot tall rock. Romans spent 7 months building a ramp to the fort.
When they got to the top, they battered against the wall all night. Once inside they found 960 men,
women. and children already dead. Their final act of resistance was to kill themselves
132 A.D. The last Jewish revolt was too weak against the Romans. Jews lost and were prohibited from living in
Jerusalem.
JEWISH LEGACY They kept their religion by relying on the Torah, Rabbis taught the Torah, Jews built synagogues