INTRA MOLECULAR FORCES
PRESENTED BY:
SHAHIDA PERVEEN
Post RN BSCN 1st semester 2015
Subject: Life Science
Faculty : Ramesh Kumar
15 October 2015
New Life College of Nursing Karachi
OBJECTIVES
At the end of learner will be able to
 Define ion, molecule and force terms.
 Explain importance of ion/s in the body
 Describe bonding and its types.
INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES
Forces with in a molecule, forced caused by the attraction and repulsion of
charged particles
ION
Ion, any atom or group of atoms that bears one or more positive or negative
electrical charges. Positively charged ions are called cations; negatively charged
ions, anions.
MOLECULE:
(chemistry) The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that
retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or
more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
A tiny amount.
FORCE
A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's
interaction with another object. Whenever there is an interaction between
two objects, there is a force upon each of the objects.
TYPES OF FORCES
1.CONTACT FORCES
2.ACTION AT A DITANCE FORCES
CONTACT FORCES
All those types of forces that results when the two interacting objects are
perceived to be physically contact each other .For example frictional force
,tensional force, normal force , air resistance force and applied force.
ACTION AT A DISTANCE FORCE
In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object can be moved,
changed, or otherwise affected without being physically touched (as in
mechanical contact) by another object. That is, it is the nonlocal interaction
of objects that are separated in space.
Gravitational force, electrical force, magnetic force are also
example of the action at distance force
IMPORTANCE OF IONS IN HUMAN BODY
Our life is sustained by interaction of inorganic and organic substance
.used the water serves as the supportive medium and vehicles for the
elements of life .
There are nine most essential ions of our body which play a dynamic role
in supporting an sustaining health and life
SODIUM ION ,POTASSIUM ION , CALCIUM ION, MAGNESIUM ION
,HYDROGEN ION
These are the five positive charge ions
CHLROIDE ION, BICARBONATE ION , PHOSPHATE ION , HYDROXYL ION
These are the four negative charge ions.
SODIUM ION
Are the principle cation found outside the cell in the
body.
The help regulate and control the level of body fluids
IF decreased the sodium ion in the body that can cause
the diarrhea, anxiety, decreased body fluid ,and circulatory
failure.
If increased the sodium ion in the body that can cause
the water retention , increased blood pressure ,
Due to the increased blood pressure and un controlled
HTN can lead to stroke ,heart failure ,kidney and heart
attack .
POTASSIUM ION
Are the principle cation found inside the cell of the body
Banana, Orange juice & Potatoes.
It also help to regulate the cellular function including nerve
impulses and heart beats and the level of body tissue .
CHROIDE ION
Like sodium, chloride influences neural activity and muscle function,
but chloride carries a negative charge rather than a positive one.
Chloride is primarily found along with sodium in ordinary table salt,
otherwise known as sodium chloride, and because it is in most foods,
insufficient intake is rare. Chloride, in the form of hydrochloric acid, is
also a major component of gastric juice, which in turn digests and
absorbs essential nutrients from food.
CALCIUM ION
Is essential ion for bone and also to make a stronger teeth
It also performs the role of muscles contraction and transmission of
nerve signals in the cells
It is also important work during pregnancy for growing children
It help to
prevent osteoporosis in older people
Milk and other dietary product
Nuts ,legumes.
PHOSPHATE ION
About 85 percent of the phosphorus containing ion in the body are in
the bone.
Vital role to energy production from food sources
Milk ,dairy product ,cereals and meat .
CHEMICAL BONDING
Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A
stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING
TYPES OF BONDING
Ionic Bond
bond in which one or more electrons from
one atom are removed and attached to another
atom, resulting in positive and negative ions
which attract each other.
Covalent Bond
bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are
shared by two atoms.
Metallic Bond
The properties of metals suggest that their atoms
possess strong bonds, yet the ease of conduction
of heat and electricity suggest that electrons can
move freely in all directions in a metal. The
general observations give rise to a picture of
"positive ions in a sea of electrons" to describe
metallic bonding.
Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding differs from
other uses of the word "bond"
since it is a force of attraction
between a hydrogen atom in one
molecule and a small atom of high
electro negativity in another
molecule. That is, it is an
intermolecular force, not an intra
molecular force as in the common
use of the word bond.
Hydrogen bonding has a very
important effect on the properties
of water and ice. Hydrogen
bonding is also very important in
proteins and nucleic acids and
therefore in life processes. The
"unzipping" of DNA is a breaking
of hydrogen bonds which help
hold the two strands of the double
helix together.
REFERENCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramolecular_force
http://wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/wps/media/objects/1053/1078874/i
st/blue0201.html
ANY QUESTIONS?