The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
What was it?
 __________________ became the new way of doing things.
 Huge _______________ in machine-made products.
 Before the industrial revolution, people wove textiles (cloth) by _____________.
 After, machines did this and other jobs as well.
 Started in __________________ and then spread to Europe and America.
Why did it begin in England?
1. Extensive natural _______________
2. Expanding _____________________
3. Highly developed __________________ system
4. Political stability
5. Had all factors of ________________________ (land, labor, and capital)
1. Natural Resources
England had extensive natural resources.
1) ________________ power and _____________ to fuel the new machines.
2) Iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings
3) ________________ for inland transportation
4) Harbors from which its merchant ships set sail.
2. Expanding Economy
 The expanding economy promoted ______________________ in business.
 Business people _________________ in the manufacture of new inventions.
3. Banking System
People were encouraged by the ___________ of bank loans to invest in new machinery and expand their operations.
4. Political Stability
Parliament passed ___________that protected business and helped ________________.
5. Factors of production
Britain had ALL the factors of production.
 __________
 Labor
 __________(wealth)
Textile Industry Transforms
Cloth merchants boosted their profits by speeding up the process by which spinners and weavers made cloth.
Inventions
Flying Shuttle
 The flying shuttle speedily carried threads of_________ back and forth when the weaver pulled a handle.
 The flying shuttle ___________________ the work a weaver could do in a day.
Spinning Jenny
 James Hargreaves’ spinning jenny allowed one spinner to work ______________threads at a time.
 Named after Hargreaves’ daughter.
Water Frame
 Used _______________ power from rapid streams to drive _________________ wheels.
 Invented by Richard Arkwright.
Spinning Mule
 Samuel Crompton combined the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame to produce the Spinning Mule.
 Made thread that was _________________, finer, and more consistent.
Power Loom
 Invented by Edmund Cartwright.
 Run by ______________ power
Results of New Inventions
 All these new inventions took spinning and weaving_____________of the _________________.
 Wealthy textile merchants set up machines in large buildings called ______________.
 At first, these factories needed water power, so they were ___________ near ___________ and streams.
Cotton is King
 England’s cotton came from plantations in the ________________ South.
The Cotton Gin
 Removing the seeds from raw cotton by hand was _____________work.
 In 1793, American inventor, Eli Whitney designed a machine to help ____________ the chore.
 His cotton gin _____________________the amount of cotton that could be cleaned.
 American cotton production skyrocketed from _______ million pounds in 1790 to _____ million pounds in
1810.
 Consequently, ______________________ increased dramatically in the Southern U.S.
Improvements in Transportation
James Watt
 James Watt, a mathematical instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland, figured out a way
to make the _________ engine work faster and more efficiently while burning less __________.
Robert Fulton’s Steamboat
 The _________________’s first successful trip was in 1807.
 Ferried passengers up and down New York Hudson’s River.
 _____________transportation improved with the creation of a network of canals
 By the mid-1800s, there were _____________ miles of waterways in England.
Road Transportation
 John McAdam, a Scottish engineer equipped roadbeds with a layer of large stones for ____________.
 On top, he placed a carefully smoothed layer of crushed rock.
 In rainy weather, heavy wagons could travel over the new ‘____________’ roads without sinking in the mud.
National Road
 Construction began in 1811 and ended in 1838.
 Also known as the “___________________ Road”
The Railroad Locomotive
 ____________-driven machinery propelled English factories in the late 1700s.
 The railroad locomotive _____________ English industry after 1820.
George Stephenson
 George Stephenson built many _______________ locomotives for mine operators in northern England.
 In 1821, Stephenson began work on the world’s first ____________________ line.
 It was to run ___________ miles from Yorkshire to Stockton.
 It opened in _____________ with four locomotives that Stephenson built.
Railway Expansion
 Entrepreneurs wanted to connect _____________________ with Manchester.
 Trials were held to find the best _____________________
 George Stephenson won with the Rocket.
 The Rocket hauled a 13-ton load at more than 24 miles per hour, which was unheard of at that time.
 The track opened in 1830 and had immediate success