Semester Two
exam review
Prepositions
Definition
A PREPOSITION shows relationship
between two things.
Location: on, under, in
Timing:
before, after, during
Direction: from, toward, to
prepositions
The mouse is on the table.
Two things: mouse and table
Relationship: one is on the other
On is a preposition!
prepositions
The mouse is under the table.
Two things: mouse and table
Relationship: one is under the other
Under is a preposition!
Common Prepositions
aboard
along
behind
but
(except)
from
off
past
until
about
amid
below
by
in
on
since
up
above
among
beneath
down
inside
onto
through
upon
across
around
beside
during
into
out
to
with
after
at
between
except
near
outside
toward
within
against
before
beyond
for
of
over
under
without
Practice
Identify the prepositions in each sentence.
1. The pizza in the oven is mine.
2. The girl by the door is my sister.
3. The runners raced around the track.
Prepositional phrases
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES start with a
preposition and end with the object of a
preposition.
The pizza in the oven is mine.
in the oven
The girl by the door is my sister.
by the door
The runners raced around the track.
around the track
Object of a Preposition
The OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION must be
a noun and always comes at the end of a
prepositional phrase.
The cookies are in the oven.
The girl stood by her grandmother.
Together, a preposition and the object of a
preposition make a prepositional phrase!
Practice
Identify the preposition, object of the preposition, and
prepositional phrase in each sentence.
1. Hang the painting outside the new auditorium.
2. Sometimes there are good programs on television.
3. Sports programs are preferred by many people.
Semester TWo
exam review
Conjunctions
Definition
A CONJUNCTION is a word that joins
words or groups of words. The following
common conjunctions are known as
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS.
for
or
and
yet
but
not
so
Coordinating Conjunctions
The cat is black.
The cat is fat.
The cat is black and the cat is fat.
Correlative Conjunctions
A CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
combines with other words to form a
conjunction. They always travel in pairs.
both…and
either...or
not only…but also
not...but
neither…nor
whether…or
as…as
Practice
Identify the conjunctions in each sentence.
1. I was certain I would go to the dance, but I lost my ID.
2. It was my lucky day—I found a twenty dollar bill and aced
my test.
3. Either Mom or Dad will pick you up from school today.
Semester Two
exam review
Interjections
Definition
An INTERJECTION is a word or
group of words that expresses emotion.
Practice
Identify the interjections in each sentence.
1. Ouch! I smashed my finger in my locker.
2. Yahoo! I got an A on my paper.
3. Wow! I won the lottery.
Semester Two
exam review
Complete Sentences
and Fragments
Complete sentence
A COMPLETE SENTENCE has a
subject and a predicate that work together to
make a complete thought.
Bobby smiled until he thought
his face would crack.
Sentence fragment
A SENTENCE FRAGMENT fails to be a
sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by
itself. It usually lacks a subject or a verb.
Last Saturday after the
ballgame at the ice cream
shop.
Semester two
exam review
Punctuation
capitalization
•The title used with the name of a person
–Mayor Stern
•The first word in a letter opening
–Dear Sir or Madam:
•The first word in a letter closing
–Sincerely yours,
•Appropriate words in the title of a written work
–Hamlet
capitalization
•A proper noun
–Spain, Industrial Revolution, Linden High School
•A proper adjective
–English tea
•The first word in a direct quotation
–She said, “Ken is here.”
Period
•At the end of a declarative sentence
–It’s a beautiful day.
•At the end of an imperative sentence
–Write to me soon.
•At the end of an abbreviation
–Feb. for February
Question mark
•At the end of a direct question
–Have you completed tomorrow’s assignment?
Exclamation mark
•At the end of an exclamatory sentence
–Watch out for that car!
commas
•In a series of words, phrases, or clauses
–My chores include walking the dog, cleaning my room,
and washing the dishes.
•Between independent
coordinating conjunction
clauses
joined
by
a
–I didn’t make the team this year, but I plan to try out again
next year.
•To set off nonrestrictive appositives
–Seattle, the largest city in Washington, borders the Pacific
Ocean.
commas
•After the opening of a friendly letter
–Dear Margaret,
•After the closing of a letter
–Yours truly,
•Before and after the year in a date
–It was April 5, 2011, that he arrived.
•Between a city and a state and after the state
–Elaine visited Madrid, Spain, in July.
commas
•To set off a direct quotation
–David said, “Let’s go to my favorite restaurant to eat pizza
after the game.”
•To set off a name in direct address
–Elia, will you help me with my homework after school?
•To set off a nonessential clause or phrase
–The new teacher, who arrived just yesterday, seems very
nice.
•After an introductory word
–Well, I don’t know how to answer your question.
commas
•After a series of introductory prepositional phrases
–At the end of the year, students must take a final exam in
each subject.
•After an introductory dependent clause
–Before Anna began to write her history report, she went to
the library to do research.
•After an introductory participial phrase
–Arriving just in time, the couple hopped aboard the train.
Semicolon
•To separate independent clauses not joined by a
coordinating conjunction
–I have seen that movie three times; one of my favorite
actors is in it.
•To separate items in a series when one or more of
them contain commas
–London, England; Edinburgh, Scotland; and Dublin,
Ireland
apostrophe
•In possessives
–the sun’s rays, the babies’ cradles
•In contractions
–won’t, can’t
colon
•After the opening of a business letter
–Dear Mayor Brown:
•To set off an explanation or an example that follows
an independent clause
–The shoes came in three colors: pink, brown, and red.
•Between the hour and the minute expressing time
–11:30
Quotation marks
•At the beginning and end of a direct quotation from a
text or speech
–The coach said, “We must all work together to win this
game.”