DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"
DNA stands for...
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
DNA FACTS
●Founded by James Watson and Francis Crick
●Shape of a double helix
GENETICS
• DNA codes for your genes (traits)
- Hereditary material
• Monomers of nucleic acids = nucleotides
NUCLEOTIDES
Three Parts:
PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar)
NITROGEN BASE (A,T,G,C)
“BACKBONE”
Phosphate
Base
Sugar
BASE PAIRS
Adenine <==> Thymine
Guanine <==> Cytosine
- Held together by hydrogen bonds
- Sugar-phosphate backbone
BASE PAIRS
One side:
Other side:
A T A
T C A
T G C
G G G
GENES AND DNA…
The combination of A,T,G,C determines what
traits have.....
C A T C A T = purple hair
T A C T A C = yellow hair
Review
1.
DNA stands for: De _____ ribo _____ acid
2.
What is the shape of DNA? _____________
3.
Who established the structure of
DNA? ___________ and _____________
4. Adenine always pairs with ______________
5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose
and _______________
6. Guanine always pairs with ______________
7. What is the complementary sequence:
C A T T A G
8. The two sides of DNA are held together by
_______ bonds.
9. DNA is composed of building blocks of
nucleic acids called ___________________
10. What are the 4 bases that make up the
rungs of the DNA ladder? ______________
DNA REPLICATION
Process by which DNA makes a copy of itself
(cell division)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdDkiRw1PdU
DNA REPLICATION
DNA Helicase
“Unwinds or unzips” the DNA strand; breaks
hydrogen bonds between base pairs
DNA Polymerase
Adds complementary base pairs to make the
new strand of DNA
Transcription
DNA  RNA
- Complementary base
pairs to make single
stranded RNA
Translation
RNA  Protein
- Amino acids are “coded”
for and bond to make
proteins
RNA
Three Differences:
1. Single strand
2. Ribose sugar
3. Contains no thymine, uracil instead
A⇒U
______________________________________
DNA: A T A G C G
RNA: