For the
Mine Warfare Association
Mr. Brian Almquist
Ocean Engineering & Marine Systems (ONR 321OE)
Voice: (703) 696-3351
Fax: (703) 696-2710
almquib@onr.navy.mil
Enabling Capability Priority 1
Organic MCM
Sub-capabilities:
 Wide area surveillance to enable
maneuver
 Clandestine reconnaissance to prepare
the battlespace
 Rapid overt VSW / SZ / BZ / CLZ / BEZ
mine and obstacle reconnaissance
 Data Fusion to accelerate the
amphibious planning process
 Timely MCM Common Tactical Picture
to enable maneuver
 Standoff precision neutralization of
individual mines in VSW
 Autonomous, high speed compact
influence sweep
 Lane marking and precision navigation
from VSW to BEZ
 Standoff breaching of obstacles and
mines in the SZ / BZ / CLZ / BEZ
 Rapid Follow-on Clearance
Requires knowledge of the battlespace
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Airborne Remote Optical
Spotlighting System (AROSS)
PDM-1’s Red Beach
3/19/01
AROSS
Bathymetry:
White Beach
3/19/01
Red Beach
26 Mar 01
2209Z
Depth in
feet
(MLLW)
Bathymetric Data
3/26/01
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Weapon System Program Elements
DEPLOY
(Organic Supportability)
EMPLOY
(Stand-off, In-stride)
• Major System Attribute:
Utilize Existing or Planned
Fleet Systems for Deployment
and Employment; Organic
Compatibility (Std Containers
e.g., JSSAM, JSOW, JDAM)
• Program Focus: Warhead
Effectiveness and Dispense
Mechanisms
• Mainstream Assault
Breaching MCM
• Assault Breaching
Becomes Part of Air
and Surface Strike
Mission Areas
HIT
(Targeting, Guidance,
& Control)
KILL
(Warheads)
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
CMCO Future Systems
LM
Hydra-7
Reactive Darts
BZ / SZ Mines
Boeing
MODS
Chemical Darts
Continuous Rod Warhead
BZ / SZ Mines
BZ Obstacles
SAIC
Naval Gun
Chemical Darts
Continuous Rod Warhead
BZ / SZ Mines
BZ Obstacles
Note: No viable proposals for SZ obstacles received
Unitary / Blast Warheads
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Hydra-7
Mine Clearing System
Missiles and Fire Control
Advanced Projects
• Concept:
– Employ Tactical Munitions Dispenser (TMD)
– Deliver about 4630 reactive high velocity darts (~25’ diameter kill)
• Lockheed Martin / NAVSEA Indian Head Team: SZ
& BZ Mine Clearance System
MINE CLEARANCE
– Lockheed Martin Advanced Projects: System Integration / GNC,
Warhead & Dispense Design
– NAVSEA Indian Head: Warhead & Dispense Design & Testing,
WESERB
– GSI: Dart Design
– CSS: System Engineering
– NAVAIR China Lake: Aircraft Integration, Dispenser Sled Test
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Hydra-7 Dart
• Reactive Material Dart Fill (Hydra-7)
• Similar Technology as Used in RAMICs
• Feasibility as BZ Mine Countermeasure Demonstrated in FY00
Versus Plastic and Steel Cased Surrogates.
• Defeat Mechanism is Combination of Kinetic and Thermal Energy
- Dart Impact Rubbilizes Mine’s HE Fill
- High Temperature Dart Fill Causes Spontaneous Reaction with Mine Fill
(Burning).
Goal is to defeat surface / buried mines and mines in the water
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Mine / Obstacle
Defeat System
Concept:
•
•
•
•
JDAM Tail Kit to Deliver New Warheads
Aerodynamic Form of BLU-109
Chemical Penetrators (Mines; 20 Meter Kill Diameter)
Continuous Rod Warhead (BZ Obstacles; 26 Meters)
Boeing Team: Mine / Obstacle Defeat System (MODS)
• Boeing Phantom Works; Air Vehicle / Guidance
• NSWC-IHD; Two Warheads (Chemical Penetrators & CRW)
• Talley Defense Systems; Dispense Systems
MODS Concept of Operations
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Mine / Obstacle
Defeat System
6,320 Venom
Penetrators
2 CRW
Propellant
Penetrator Dispense System
CRW Dispense System
JDAM
Tail Kit
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Stand-off Delivery of Mine and Obstacle Clearing
Payloads from 5” and 155mm Naval Guns
Concept:
• Best Buy Projectile to Deliver Two New
Warheads
• Chemical Penetrators (Mines; 6.5 Meter
Kill Diameter)
• Continuous Rod Warhead (Obstacles; 10
Meter Kill Diameter)
SAIC Team:
• SAIC; Systems Integration, Delivery
Vehicle
• NSWC IHD; Chemical Darts, CRW
• CAES; Hardware and Integration for
Delivery Vehicle
• ABL; Rocket Motors
• NAVSYS; Guidance and Control
• GSI; Reactive Darts
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
“Best Buy” Projectile
• Best Buy projectile represents maturing technology
• Developing two new warheads
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Venom Dart
0.2188”
Chemical Dart Fill (Venom)
- Proven Technology, Originated in the
1970s
- U.S. Army Demonstrated Use of
Chemicals to Initiate (AP) Mines
5.83”
- NSWC / IHDIV has Demonstrated DETA
can be used to Destroy Mines
- DETA has been Proven Effective Against
TNT and Comp B Based Explosives
1.0”
0.4375”
- Dart Rubbilizes Mine’s HE Fill and
Deposits the Chemical which Reacts with
the Rubbilized HE (Burning)
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Continuous Rod Warhead Lethality
• Offers considerable increase in effectiveness on land over
unitary / blast warheads.
• Provides larger kill radius than unitary / blast warhead.
• Rods propelled parallel to ground.
• Scalable to various weapon sizes.
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Beach Zone Tests
Mk 84 Test, Summer 99
Mk 83 Test, Spring 01
Mk 83 Land Test
• Smaller Lethal Radius (not as effective as CRW)
• More assets required
• Risk mitigation
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Unitary / Blast Warheads
• Bombs must be guided, otherwise not effective (e.g. JDAM)
Mine / Obstacle Clearance
- Low effectiveness against mines on the beach (Air Force)
- Good evidence for effectiveness against obstacles in SZ (6.2 Program)
- Special purpose warheads such as CRW offer advantages to blast warhead for
obstacles on land (Lethal Radius)
- Cratering can be avoided
- Sequential (sweeping) detonation may be effective
Channeling
- Technically feasible depending on beach / sea-bed composition and gradient
- Needs precision timed fuzing for simultaneous detonation
- Needs large bomb, high bubble energy explosive in water
- 100 lbs of explosive per linear foot of 50 yard wide channel
- Estimates suggest channeling requires twice the ordnance
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
MCIA High Threat Laydown
Beach Gradient of 1:99
30m
10m 10m
174.21 m
10m
5m 15m
AT Mines at 6m Spacing
AT mines (A, B, F, G, H)
4 strand fence
Tanglefoot
0.3
AP mines (K)
AL Mine, (E, L)
Type 2 AL Mines (J, M)
Hedgehog 1.25-m members
10m 10m
40 m
2.0
0.6 0.9 1.1 1.3
Triple Strand Concertina
Wire w/AP mines
Sea Urchins
15m
40 m
Water Depth (m)
Profile At Mean Tide. 6-8 ft Tidal
Variations (+3-4 ft about mean tide)
2.8 3.0
10 m
10 m
15 m
50
yds
• Worst case scenario
• Desert Storm threat was less severe
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
MODS
Lift Estimates / High MCIA Threat
• Weapons Required per Lane
- Obstacles
17
- Mines
25
• Aircraft Sorties per Lane
- F/A -18C/D
- F/A -18E/F
- JSF
- B1
- B2 / B52
11
11
21
2
2/3
• Weapon Lift per Lane
- Weight
<100,000 lbs
- Volume
< 2,000 cu. ft.
• Hydra-7 Estimates are Similar
• Worst case MCIA threat laydown
• Less severe threat requires significantly less assets
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
Standoff Delivery of Mine and Obstacle Clearing
Payloads From 5” and 155mm Naval Guns
NSFS Rounds Required to Clear a Single Lane*
Total Rounds Required, 5-inch
Venom Penetrator
CRW
495
Total Rounds Required, 155MM
Venom Penetrator
CRW
318
452
43
303
15
* Assumes 3M CEP; CSS Projections, Revision 3
ERGM Allocation
DDG81 Class
CG 47 Class
DD21 Class
115 CMCO
133 CMCO
750 CMCO
• Worst case MCIA threat laydown
• Less severe threat requires significantly less assets
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt
CMCO Future Systems
Summary
• System Platforms
- 2 A/C Systems:
- 1 Naval Gun System:
• Warhead Effectiveness
Dart
Lethality
- Buried & Proud Mines
- Energetic Fills Cause Burning of Mine’s Explosive Fill
- Dispensing
CRW
Lethality
- Beach Obstacles (larger lethal radius)
- Dispensing
• Unitary / Blast Warheads
-
Field Tests and Demonstrations
SZ / BZ Obstacles
Fuze Considerations
Risk Mitigation
MINWARA_Almquist.ppt