Hartsfield to SNCC
End of WWII
WWII ended in August 1945 after the US dropped
atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki in an effort to shorten the war.
End of WWII
It is estimated that 75 million people died in the war.
Standards
SS8H10 b
Explain how the development of Atlanta, including
the roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan
Allen, Jr. and major league sports, contributed to
the growth of Georgia.
William B. Hartsfield
Hartsfield served 6 terms as mayor of Atlanta from 1937-1961.
He served during the end of the Depression, WWII, and a
large part of the Civil Rights Movement.
Under his leadership, Atlanta grew in population and size.
This was called urbanization—people moving from farms to
cities.
William B. Hartsfield
He worked with Civil Rights and supported racial integration
in Atlanta.
He is often called Atlanta’s “father of aviation” and the
Atlanta Airport is named after him.
Ivan Allen, Jr
• Allen served as the mayor of Atlanta after Hartsfield. He
served from 1962-1970, during the main part of the Civil
Rights movement.
• He is credited with desegregating Atlanta.
Ivan Allen, Jr
• He ordered all of the segregation signs removed.
• He integrated public facilities.
• He worked to bring major league sports to Atlanta in the
1960’s.
Major League Sports
• From 1945 to the 1970’s, Atlanta became the home to
several professional sports teams.
• Braves Baseball
• Falcons Football
• Hawks Basketball
• Thrashers Hockey (moved to Canada in 2011)
• Important figures in bringing sports to Atlanta were
Ivan Allen, Ted Turner, and the Atlanta Spirit.
Standards
SS8H10 c
Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.
Ellis Arnall
• Served as the governor of Georgia from 1943-1946.
• He restored Georgia’s colleges accreditation that was
revoked because of Eugene Talmadge and the Cocking
Affair.
Ellis Arnall
• He changed the format of Georgia’s government
to avoid corruption. One example—he took the
prison system out of the governor’s control
(remember the Bourbon Triumvirate).
• He adjusted the tax system, reduced the voting
age, and passed a new state constitution. He also
gave African Americans the right to vote in primary
elections (END OF THE WHITE PRIMARY).
Standards
SS8H11 a
Describe major developments in civil rights and
Georgia’s role during the 1940s and 1950s; include
the roles of Herman Talmadge, Benjamin Mays, the
1946 governor’s race and the end of the white
primary, Brown v Board of Education, Martin Luther
King, Jr., and the 1956 state flag.
Herman Talmadge
• Governor from 1948 to 1951.
• As Governor, and later as a US Senator, he openly tried to
stop desegregation.
• Talmadge slowed the Civil Rights movement, as he was
opposed to desegregation. (the opposite of Ellis Arnall).
Benjamin Mays
•
•
•
•
•
African American minister, educator, scholar, and activist.
President of Morehouse College.
Influential in the Civil Rights movement.
Believed all humans had inherent dignity.
Highlighted the differences between true democracy and
the racist democracy of the US.
1946 Governor’s Race
• Eugene Talmadge was elected for his 4th term as governor,
but died before he could take office.
1946 Governor’s Race
• Who would be governor?
• Ellis Arnall, the current governor, refused to leave until it
was settled.
• Melvin Thompson, the lieutenant governor-elect, said he
should be governor.
• Herman Talmadge, Eugene’s son, was supported by the
Georgia legislature.
Ellis
Arnall
Melvin
Thompson
Herman
Talmadge
1946 Governor’s Race
This whole event was called the
“Three Governor’s Controversy.”
• Arnall finally stepped aside and supported Thompson. The
courts let Thompson finish the term.
Brown v. Board of Education
• In 1950, seven year old Linda Brown, a black student, tried
to enroll in a all-white school in Topeka, KS.
• She was told no. The NAACP helped to sue.
• The case went to the Supreme Court.
• In 1954, the Court said separate but equal schools were
unconstitutional. This overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson
ruling.
• The Court ordered racial integration of schools with “all
deliberate speed.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
• One of the main leaders of the Civil Rights Movement.
• Attended Morehouse College.
• His career in Civil Rights began in December 1955 after
the arrest of Rosa Parks.
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=rosa+parks+video&mid=1EAC7748B030853759D61EAC7748B030853759D6&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1
Martin Luther King, Jr.
• King led and participated in marches and protests calling
for equal rights for all Americans.
• On August 28, 1963, he gave his famous “I Have a Dream”
speech in Washington, DC, calling for an end to racism in
the US.
• He was assassinated on April 4, 1968 at the Lorraine Motel
in Memphis, Tennessee, by James Earl Ray.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcnWUoELZ6s
1956 State Flag
• The state flag was changed in 1956 to contain the
Confederate battle flag.
• It is thought that this was in protest to the Brown v.
Board of Education decision to integrate schools.
Before 1956
After 1956
Since 2003
Standards
SS8H11 b
Analyze the role Georgia and prominent Georgians
played in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s
and 1970s; include such events as the founding of
the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC), the Sibley Commission,…
SNCC
• Founded in 1960 by students at Shaw University in North
Carolina.
• The official name was the Student Non-violent
Coordinating Committee.
• It encouraged students to nonviolently fight for civil rights,
and it played a role in planning the 1963 March on
Washington.
Sibley Commission
• Formed in 1960, when Georgia’s governor chose to close
schools instead of following a federal order to
desegregate them.
• Their work was to make the transition from segregation to
integration easier for schools.