8th Grade – 4th Quarter Syllabus (2009-2010)
Unit I: Transportation and its impact on Georgia’s Economy
1. How do four transportation systems provide access to national and international markets?
Airport; Seaports; Railroads; and, Highways/Interstates – prove valuable to states and cities because
imported, and exported much more efficiently.
2. How do these transportation systems provide goods and jobs for Georgians?
Businesses grow; easier to transport goods
they allow goods to be hauled,
Key Terms
3. Interstate Highway System – make it easy for Ga. Businesses to transport goods throughout the country or
to airports or seaports for
trade overseas. (Interstate highways: I-95; I-75; I-85; I-20).
4. Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport – contributes greatly to the state’s economy. “Busiest airport in
the world,” servicing millions
of passengers each year and shipping tons of cargo...helps attract major
events and additional business. Major employer for the
state...literally produces billions of dollars a
year for the state.
5. Georgia’s deepwater ports of Savannah and Brunswick-allow ships to import & export many of the
products GA depends on. Both are
also located close to rail lines which make it easy for ships to be
unloaded and their cargo transported to cities further inland. Savannah=5th
largest port in the U.S. & 4th busiest US port overall. Brunswick’s port specializes in shipping automobiles & heavy equipment.
6. Railroads-roughly 5,000 miles of track used to haul cargo to and from various places...help businesses
transport products while also serving
to preserve an important part of Georgia’s past.
Unit II: Post World War II Key Terms
1. Transformation of agriculture and Georgia’s growth – The number of farmers declined because: ®machines took over (tractors; motors, etc.)
®G.I. Bill gave opportunities away from farms ®synthetic fibers were developed ®jobs available in cities ®population of cities grew
2. Development of Atlanta – many moved to Atlanta because of: mild climate; cheap labor (weak/no unions); low taxes; development of airconditioning; transportation systems (airport, highways, seaports)
3. William B. Hartsfield – Made Atlanta aviation (airplanes) hub; allowed integration of lunch counters; hired 8 African-American police officers –
integrating the Atlanta police force.
4. Ivan Allen Jr. – Mayor of Atlanta who brought professional sports to Atlanta; ended segregation in city government; removed the “colored” and
“white” signs; integrated the fire department
5. Major league sports – brought to Atlanta by Ivan Allen, Jr.
6. Ellis Arnall – First governor to serve a 4-year term; gave right to vote to 18-year olds; abolished the poll tax
Unit III: Civil Rights Movement Key Terms
1.
Herman Talmadge – In 3-Governor Episode: chosen by legislature as governor, due to receiving a large number of write-in votes. As governor:
improved education; created 9-month school year.
2. Benjamin Mays – African-American leader in education; mentor to MLK,Jr; President of Morehouse College
3. 1946 Governor’s Race – Eugene Talmadge dies; Herman Talmadge chosen by legislature due to write-in votes. Gov. Arnall locked out of his
office, sets up office in the Capitol Information Booth. GA Supreme Court chooses Lieutenant Governor Melvin Thompson to serve as governor
until a special election is held. (3 people trying to be gov. at the same time). Herman Talmadge wins the special election & becomes governor.
4. End of white primary – Abolished in 1946 by a federal court decision. Ellis Arnall accepted the court’s decision. (White primary=example of
disfranchisement – was intended to keep blacks from having input into nominees for political offices.)
5. Brown v. Board of Education – 1954 US Supreme Court rules segregation of public schools (separate by equal) was unconstitutional (Made
Plessy vs. Ferguson – Unconstitutional.) Violated the 14th Amendment
6. Martin Luther King, Jr. – non-violent approach to end racial discrimination; leader of civil rights movement; gave important “I Have a Dream”
speech at the end of the March on Washington (Nobel Peace Prize)
7. 1956 state flag – flag was replaced because: it served as a reminder of slavery; was offensive to many; part of the past we want to forget; hurt
tourism and business in the state. This issue arose in 2000 causing it to become a major campaign issue in the governor's race/election.
8.
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) – worked in Albany, GA to end segregation in interstate bus/train stations, worked with
SCLC urging the group to be more aggressive
9.
Sibley Commission – decided that local school systems in GA should decide the integration issue...they favored closing the public schools over
integration.
10.
Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter – first African-Americans to attend (integrate) UGA (1961)
11.
Albany Movement - goal was to end segregation of interstate bus/train stations – efforts were NOT successful. (Albany, 1961-center of civil
rights activity)
12.
March on Washington – MAJOR event of the modern Civil Rights movement; ended in DC with MLK, Jr. making his famous “I Have a Dream
Speech” – Aug., 1963 – goal was to show the large growing support there was for the civil rights movement
13.
Civil Rights Acts – 1964; made segregation in all public places illegal. “civil rights” – privileges & protections provided by the U.S. Constitution.
14.
Maynard Jackson – 1st African-American mayor of Atlanta
15.
Lester Maddox-GA governor; segregationist, yet appointed more African-Americans to state offices than any other governor at that time
16.
Andrew Young-African-American Atlanta mayor; U.S. Congressman; U.S. Ambassador to the UN; played big role in Atlanta winning the bid for
the 1996 Olympics; 1st Af. Am Congressman from GA in 20th century; aide to MLK, Jr.
Unit IV: Modern Georgia Key Terms
1. End of county unit system – violated the 14th Amendment (wrong to limit the rights & privileges of any citizen); ruled unconstitutional; replaced
with the one-person, one-vote concept
2. Reapportionment – redrawing of voting districts to ensure districts were of equal population sizes (fair representation)
3. Jimmy Carter – as governor of GA, created Georgia Heritage Trust, reorganized the state government; only president of US from GA; as president,
helped negotiate the Camp David Accords which created peace between Israel & Egypt; Arab oil embargo; high interest rates. Rec’d Nobel Peace
Prize. (President during the Iranian hostage crisis; did not win reelection.)
4. Rise of Two-party system – Democratic support of the Civil Rights Acts turned white southerners against the Democrats. Voters in GA began to
vote Republican and GA went from a one-party state to a two-party state.
5. 1996 Olympics- Benefits: ●world class sports facilities built; ●brought international media recognition to Atlanta & Georgia; ●brought volunteer
programs, educational and training program, and jobs; ●brought millions to GA economy; increased tourism & businesses. Negative: bombing at
Centennial Olympic Park
6. Importance of new immigrant communities – GA is a multicultural state (whites, African-Americans; Hispanic, Asians); fastest growing is the
Hispanic sector; people continue coming for jobs. Cultures are shares through holiday traditions, food, and festivals.
Unit V: Economic Understandings
1. Benefits of free trade – provides money and jobs for the state; ports of Savannah and Brunswick + Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport provide
access to the world’s marketplace
2. Profit – The positive gain from an investment or business after subtracting for all expenses
3. Entrepreneurs – people willing to take a financial risk to start and manage a new business
4. Coca-Cola – formula created by Dr. John S. Pemberton; business expanded by advertising under new owner Asa Candler; Woodruff family sees
Coke become world famous. Trademark is the most widely recognized trademark – worldwide
5. Delta Airlines – (Woolman) Atlanta based; Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. Huge impact on GA economy - $$ and JOBS
6. Georgia Pacific – (Amos brothers) manufactures paper, pulp, packaging, tissue, building products, and construction-related chemicals. LARGEST
supplier of building products in NORTH AMERICA; Owen R. Cheatham began the company as GA Hardwood Lumber Co.
7. Home Depot – GA based; begun by entrepreneurs Arthur Blank and Bernie Marcus.
8. Chick-Fil-A – (T. Cathy) started this chain at the Dwarf House.
Unit VI: Personal Money Management Choices
1. Income - Your salary is your usual source of income; earnings. ($ that comes “in” to you.)...helps you plan
2. Spending – Buying items with your income. When spending is greater than income, you end up in debt.
3. Credit - an amount or sum placed at a person's disposal by a bank. $ you can use/access at a price.
4. Saving – Putting $ away; not spending your income. i.e., savings account
5. Investing – Using $ to make more $. i.e., purchasing stocks, bonds, CDs, real estate, etc.
6. debt – The amount of money to owe to lenders, i.e., banks, credit card companies, etc.