Key terms
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Having to do with the sinus
Sinus
◦ Air-filled cavity within a bone that is lined with
mucous membrane that makes mucus
◦ Functions of the sinuses
 Make the bones of the skull lighter
 Help produce sound by giving resonance to the voice
 To produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity
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Having to do with the nose
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Throat
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Pharynx
◦ Carries both food and air
◦ 3 divisions
 Nasopharynx
 Oropharynx
 Laryngopharynx
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Voice box
Larynx
◦ Triangular chamber located between the pharynx
and the trachea
◦ Contains the vocal cords
◦ Protected and held open by a series of nine
separate cartilages. The thyroid cartilage is the
largest and it prominent projection is commonly
known as the Adam’s apple.
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Having to do with the epiglottis
Epiglottis
◦ A leaf shaped lid like structure
◦ Located at the base of the tongue
◦ Swing downward and closes off the laryngopharynx
so food does not enter the trachea and the lungs.
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Having to do with the trachea
Trachea
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Commonly known as the windpipe
Extends from the neck into the chest
Directly anterior to the esophagus
Held open by a series of C-shaped cartilage rings
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Having to do with the bronchial tube
Or bronchus
The trachea divides into two branches called
bronchi. One branch goes into each lung.
Within each lung the bronchus divides and
subdivides into increasingly smaller bronchi
Bronchioles are the smallest branches of the
bronchi
Bronchial tree
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Having to do with the alveoli
Alveoli
◦ Air sacs
◦ Very small grapelike clusters found at the end of
each bronchiole
◦ Surrounded by a network of microscopic pulmonary
capillaries
◦ Gas exchange occurs through the very thin walls of
the alveoli
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Having to do with the pleura
Pleura
◦ Multilayered membrane that surrounds each lung
with its blood vessels and nerves
◦ Plural is pleurae
 Parietal pleura – outer layer. Lines the thoracic cavity
 Visceral pleura – inner layer. Surrounds the lungs
 Pleural space or pleural cavity – airtight space between
the folds of the pleural membranes that has a watery
lubricating fluid in between the pleural membranes
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Blue
Cyanosis – a bluish
discoloration of the
skin caused by a lack
of adequate oxygen
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Incomplete
Imperfect
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Stretching
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Atelectasis
◦ Collapsed lung
◦ Condition in which the lung fails to expand because
air cannot pass beyond the bronchioles that are b
locked by secretions
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Having to do with the thorax
Or chest
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Breathing
Usually has to do with breathing patterns
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Apnea
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Lung
Air
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Also means lung
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Having to do with sound
Or voice
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Having to do with oxygen
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Secretion that flows from the nose
Helps to warm, moisten, and filter air as it
enters the nose
Mucous is the name of the tissue
Mucus is the secretion that flows from the
tissue
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Also known as the interpleural space
Located between the lungs
Contains the thoracic viscera including the
heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, bronchial
tubes, and thymus gland