What did John Locke call the lawless
society that existed before
government?
 SWBAT:
 Define state.
 Identify the characteristics of a state
 Identify the purposes of government
a body of people,
living in a defined space,
with the power to make and enforce
laws without having to check with
any higher authority,
and with an
organization to do this.
Territory
a body of
people,
living in a
defined space,
Sovereignty
Government
with the power to make
and enforce laws without
having to check with any
higher authority,
and with an
organization to do
this.
Definition: People who are the
members or citizens of a state
 The size of the population doesn’t matter
 Population has a big influence on the type of
government chosen by the state:
• Is the population rural or urban?
• What do people do for jobs?
• Do people get along or disagree on
basic issues?
Definition: the area in which
a state’s rule applies
 A state must have set boundaries, but they
are not always agreed on.
 Boundaries can change in three ways:
• war – people win or lose territory
• negotiation – people agree to trade
territory
• purchase – states can buy territory from
other states
Definition: the ability to rule
absolutely within a given territory
Because of sovereignty…
 states can set their own foreign policy
and agendas.
 states are all equal in theory, but in
reality that isn’t always the case.
Definition: the organization that
makes and enforces the laws
 Government has many roles that
all involve making public policy, but
there are four main ways their
governing affects the public…
Public policy is the
laws and rules that
affect the public!
Government
Definition: the organization that
makes and enforces the laws
 Government has many roles that
all involve making public policy, but
there are four main ways their
governing affects the public…
• Keeping Order
• Protecting the Country
• Providing Services
• Making Economic Decisions
 Making and enforcing
laws is all a part of keeping
order in society
 Structures like the
police force and court
system are in place to
enforce the laws and
settle disputes
 The government is
responsible for defending
the territory of the state
 Security organizations like the Department of
Homeland Security and the Department of
Defense are established to protect citizens
 The government is
responsible for defending
the territory of the state
 Security organizations like the Department of
Homeland Security and the Department of
Defense are established to protect citizens
 Treaties and alliances are formed with other
countries to help keep our citizens safe
 The government is
responsible for providing
basic services…
Libraries
Road Repair
 The government is
responsible for providing
basic services…
 Programs for people who need help:
• help buying food
• welfare
• medical services
 Programs to keep people safe:
• medicine
• food
• buildings
 The government makes
decisions every day about
how it spends money
 The government also makes decisions about
how our economy is going to function
 Most public policy set by the government has to
do with how money is spent!!
Agreeing to send troops on a
United Nations peacekeeping
mission?
 National security
Setting speed limits
 Public order
 Limits what people can do
 Public service
 Promotes public safety
FEMA paying for temporary
housing for Katrina victims
 Economic decisions
Figure It Out!
What about “states” like
Connecticut or Michigan?
Are they states?
 Do they have a population?
YES
NO
 Do they have a territory?
YES
NO
 Do they have sovereignty?
YES
NO
 Do they have government?
YES
NO
Figure It Out!
Is the United States
just one big state?
 Does it have a population?
YES
NO
 Does it have a territory?
YES
NO
 Does it have sovereignty?
YES
NO
 Does it have government?
YES
NO
Figure It Out!
What four things does the
government do?
ORDER
 Keeps _________
COUNTRY
 Protects the __________
SERVICES
 Provides ___________
ECONOMIC
 Makes___________
decisions
Capitalism, Socialism, Communism
 The study of human efforts to satisfy
seemingly unlimited wants through the
use of limited resources.
 Examples: Selling advertising; providing a
service or good to meet a demand; paying wages
and taxes.
 What and how much should be
produced?
 How goods and services should be
produced?
 Who gets the goods and services
that are produced?
 What and how much should be
produced?
Buyers & sellers
 How goods and services should be
produced?
Buyers & sellers
 Who gets the goods and services that
are produced?
Buyers & sellers
 What and how much should be
produced? Gov’t & private businesses
 How goods and services should be
produced?
Gov’t & private businesses
 Who gets the goods and services that are
produced?
Gov’t & private businesses
 What and how much should be
produced?
Government
 How goods and services should be
produced?
Government
 Who gets the goods and services that
are produced?
Government
 Capitalism
 Regulates the economy to ensure competition
 Socialism
 Government runs key industries & ensures
citizens’ basic needs are met
 Communism
 Government makes all economic decisions
Create a poster that persuades
people to adopt a new
economic system
 What is the main idea behind each
economic system?
 How does each system use their
resources?
 Which system do you think is the best?
Worst? Why?
 What has happened to economies over
the past 400 years?