The Ordeal of Reconstruction,
1865-1877
Although Reconstruction did address
difficult issues of reform, it left behind a
deep legacy of racial and sectional
bitterness
I. Conditions after the Civil War
A.
The country was a singular nation
now.
1.
2.
B.
New political and economic centers—
all in north/west
Stronger federal government
Rebuilding the South
1.
2.
3.
Economic ruins
Impact of Emancipation on southern
life
Federal Intervention
a.
b.
c.
C.
Scalawags/Carpetbaggers
13th Amendment
Freedman’s Bureau
Republicans lead the North
1.
2.
3.
President Johnson is new leader
Stronger alliance between business
and govt.
Motivated by racism (of black free
man) and revenge (of Democrats)
II. Presidential Reconstruction: A
Moderate Approach
A.
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
1.
2.
10% of voters in 1860 election,
obey emancipation, and state.
Response of GOP: Wade Davis
Bill, 1866
a.
b.
c.
B.
50%, Iron-clad Oath,
constitutional convention, and
Feds OK otherwise “conquered
provinces”
Revealed differences between
Congress and Johnson
Also revealed early split in GOP
Johnson’s Plan
1.
2.
3.
Similar to Lincoln
Disenfranchised some whites,
pardons others, and state
conventions with 13th.
Veto Freedman Bureau, 1866
III. Congressional Reconstruction
A.
GOP Resentment to White Supremacy
1.
2.
3.
B.
Ex-Confeds in Congress!
Black Codes
KKK violence
Civil Rights Bill, 1866 (Transition from
Presidential to Congressional Recon.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Response to Johnson’s Reconstruction
Black citizenship and destroy BC
Became 14th Amendment, 1866
1866 Midterm elections -2/3 GOP
a.
b.
5.
6.
C.
Military Reconstruction Act, 1867
Reconstruction Act, 1867 (“5, 14th, Full”)
Johnson is Impeached, 1867
1.
Office of Tenure Act
a.
2.
D.
T. Stevens and Ch. Sumner
Moderates in majority
15th
1.
2.
Edwin Stanton, Sec War
Purchase of Alaska, 1867
Amendment, 1869
No Women!
Intimidation and loopholes
Impeachment Trial
by Theodore R. Davis in Harpers Weekly
Interesting note: Johnson did not attend but did win
election as a Senator in 1874 and made an emotional
return to the Senate as junior Senator from Tennessee.
IV. End of Reconstruction
A.
B.
Civil Rights Act, 1875
National Concerns
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C.
Thomas Nast, Harpers Weekly,
1876.The disputed presidential
election returns from FL, SC, and
LA are represented by the new
Sport of football, introduced in 1876
By the Ivy League. Until 1881, the
Ball was not passed!
Compromise 1877
1.
2.
D.
Panic of 1873
Women’s Rights
Political corruption
Gilded Age
Purchase of Alaska
1870 ex-Confederacy back
Hayes (GOP) v. Tilden (Demo)
Impact
1.
2.
3.
Decline of Ex branch
Rise of Solid South
“Invisible Empire of the South”:
State Governments
a.
b.
c.
Infringement of privileges
Jim Crow Laws
Lynchings
Vocabulary, Ch. 22
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oliver Howard
Alexander Stephens
Charles Sumner
Thaddeus Stevens
William Seward
Freedmen’s Bureau
Wade-Davis Bill
10 percent plan
Moderate/radical Republicans
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Black Codes
Sharecropping
Civil Rights Act
13, 14, and 15th Amendment
“Swing around the circle”
Union League
Reconstruction Act
Ex parte Milligan
Redeemers
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
KKK
Force Acts
Tenure of Office Act
Seward’s Folly