Heather Friedland, Liz Huisman, Josh McCoy

Iliac Crest?
Iliac Crest! (and Inguinal Ligament)
Josh McCoy

Surface Anatomy, continued
• Gluteal Fold/Sulcus
• Intergluteal Cleft
• Sacrum
• Iliac Crest
Josh McCoy

Surface Anatomy, continued
• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
• Iliac Crest
• Tip of Greater Trochanter
Josh McCoy

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
Josh McCoy

 Supracristal Plane
Josh McCoy
• Inguinal Ligament

Liz Huisman

(red)
 Prevents hyperextension
(green)
 Prevents overabduction
.
Liz Huisman

 Slackens during adduction, tenses during abduction
Liz Huisman

posterior
anterior
Inguinal ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
Liz Huisman

 Trochanteric bursa
 Gluteofemoral bursa
 Ischial bursa
Liz Huisman

Heather Friedland

 Pubis
 Inferior ramus
 Acetabulum
 Ischial tuberosity
 Iliac fossa
 Lesser sciatic notch
 Superior pubic ramus
 Pubic (or suprapubic) arch
 Obturator foramen
 Superior ramus
 Obturator foramen
 Ischium
 Iliac crest
 Ischial spine
 Symphysis pubis
 Inferior pubic ramus
 Pubic crest
 Greater sciatic notch
Heather Friedland

Heather Friedland
Click to add text

 Anterior superior
 Anterior Inferior
 Posterior superior
 Posterior inferior
Heather Friedland

 Head
 Neck
 Greater Trochanter
 Lesser Trochanter
 Linea Aspera
 Pectineal line
 Adductor tuberacle
 Condyles (medial and lateral)
 Epicondyles (medial and lateral)
d lan ed Fri er Heath

 Lateral and Medial Condyles
 Intercondylar Eminence
 Tibial Tuberosity
 Crest
Josh McCoy

Heather Friedland
A&P 106
11/18/2015

• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Gracilis
• Pectinius
• Biceps Femoris
• Piriformis
Muscles
Heather Friedland

Semitendinosus
 Nerve: Tibial Nerve
 Roots: L5, S1 & S2
 Origin: Ischial tuberosity
 Insertion: Proximal medial shaft of the tibia at Pes Anserinus tendon
Heather Friedland

 Synergist:
 Knee Flexion: Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, gastrocnemius, popliteus
 Hip extension: Gluteus Maximus, Biceps femoris, semimembranosus
 Medial rotation: semimembranosus, gracilus, Sartorius, popliteus,
Semimembranosus
 Antagonist:
 Knee extension: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medialis, lateralis, and intermedialis)
 Hip Flexion: Rectus femoris, iliopsoas, pectineus, Sartorius
 Lateral rotation: Biceps femoris
 Action: Flexes knee. Medially rotates knee. Extends the knee
Heather Friedland

Heather Friedland

 Nerve: Tibial Nerve
 Roots: L5, S1 & S2
 Origin: Ischial tuberosity
 Insertion: Posterior medial condyle of the tibia
 Synergist: Same as Semitendinosis
 Antagonist: Same as Semitendinosis
 Action: Flexes knee. Medially rotates flexed knee and extends the hip
Heather Friedland

Gracilis
 Nerve: Obturator nerve
 Roots: L2 and L3
 Origin: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
 Insertion: Anterior medial proximal tibia
Heather Friedland

 Synergist:
 Adduction: Adductor(magnus, brevis, and longus), Gracilis, pectineus
 Medial rotation: Gluteus (medius and minimus), adductor (all 3), Pectinius, TFL,
Gracilis
 Knee flexion: Semimembranosus, Semiteninosis, biceps femoris, gracilis, gastrocnemius, Popliteus, Sartorius
 Antagonist:
 Abduction: Gluteus (maximus, medius, and minimus), TFL, Sartorius
 Lateral Rotation: Gluteus maximus, Sartorius, piriformis, iliopsoas
 Knee extension: Rectus femoris, Vastus (medialis, lateralis, and intermedialis)
 Action: Adducts and medially rotates hip. Flexes the knee
Heather Friedland

Heather Friedland

 Nerve: Femoral Nerve, also fibers from the Obturator nerve
 Roots: L2 - L4
 Origin: Superior ramus of the pubis
 Insertion: Pectineal line inferior to lesser trochanter of femur
Heather Friedland

 Synergist:
 Flexion: Rectus femoris, Iliopsoas, TFL, Sartorius, Adductor (longus & brevis)
 Adduction: Adductor (longus, brevis, and magnus), Gracilis, Pectineus
 Medial rotation: Gluteus(medius & minimus), Adductor (longus and brevis),
Gracilis
 Antagonist:
 Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosis, Biceps femoris,
Adductor magnus
 Abduction: Gluteus(medius and minimus), TFL, Sartorius
 Lateral Rotation: Gluteus maximus, Piriformis, Sartorius
 Action: Flexes, adducts, and assists with medial rotation of the hip
Heather Friedland

Heather Friedland

 Nerve: Tibial nerve (LH) and Fibular nerve (SH)
 Roots: L5, S1 & S2
 Origin: Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short Head: Linea aspera of femur
 Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Heather Friedland

 Synergist:
 Hip Extension: Gluteus maximus, Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Adductor
 Lateral Rotation: Gluteus Maximus, Piriformis, Iliopsoas, Sartorius
 Knee Flexion: Semitendinosis, Semimembranosis, Gastrocnemius, Gracilis, Sartorius
 Antagonist:
 Hip Flexion: Rectus femoris, Iliopsoas, Pectinus, TFL, Sartorius
 Medial Rotation: Gluteus(medius and minimus), TFL, Adductor (magnus, longus, and brevis), pectineus, Gracilis
 Knee Extension: Vastus (medialis, lateralis, and intermedialis), Rectus femoris
 Action:
 Long head: Extends hip and flexes knee
Short Head: Flexes knee and laterally rotates hip
Laterally rotates flexed knee
Heather Friedland

Heather Friedland

 Nerve: Piriformis Nerve
 Roots: L5, S1 & S2
 Origin: Anterior Surface of lateral process of sacrum and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin of the greater sciatic notch
 Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter
Heather Friedland

 Synergist:
 Abduction: Gluteus (medius, minimus), TFL, Sartorius
 Lateral rotation: Gluteus maximus, Iliopsoas, piriformis, Sartorius
 Medial rotation: Glutues (minimus, medius), TFL, Adductor (all 3), Gracilis
 Antagonist:
 Adduction: adductors (all 3), Gracilis, Pectinius, Gluteus maximus
 Medial rotation: Gluteus (Minimus and medius), TFL, Adductor (all 3),
Pectinius, Gracilis
 Action: Laterally rotates and abducts thigh when hip is flexed
Heather Friedland

Actions:
 Adduction
 Flexion
 Assists in medial hip rotation
Liz Huisman

Origin:
 Anterior surface of the inferior ramus of the pubis
Nerve:
 Obturator nerve
Insertion:
 Pectineal line, medial lip of linea aspera of femur.
Roots:
 L2-L4
Liz Huisman

Synergists Antagonists
Adduction:
 Adductor (longus & magnus), gracilis, pectineus
Abduction:
 Gluteus (all 3), TFL, Sartorius
Medial Rotation:
 Gluteus (minimus & medius), adductor
(longus & magnus), pectineus, tensor fascaie latae, gracilic
Flexion:
 Rectus femoris, Iliopsoas, pectineus,
TFL, sartorius
Lateral Rotation:
 Gluteus maximus, Sartorius, piriformis, Iliopsoas
Extension:
 Gluteus maximus, semimembgranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, adductor magnus
Liz Huisman

Origin :
 Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest & lateral pubic symphysis.
Nerve:
 Obturator nerve
Insertion:
 Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of the femur
Roots:
 L2-L4
Liz Huisman

Synergists
Adduction:
 Adductors (brevis & magnus), gracilis, pectineus
Medial Rotation:
 Gluteus (minimus &medius), adductor (brevis & magnus), pectineus, TFL, gracilis
Flexion:
 Rectus femoris, Iliopsoas, pectineus, TFL, sartorius
Antagonists
Abduction:
 Gluteus (all 3), TFL, Sartorius
Lateral Rotation:
 Gluteus maximus, Sartorius, piriformis, Iliopsoas
Extension:
 Gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, adductor magnus
Liz Huisman

Origin:
 Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium to ischial tuberosity.
Insertion:
 Linea aspera of femur. Medial supracondylar line and adductor tubercle.
Nerve:
 Obturator and tibial nerve
Roots:
 L2-L4
Actions: Adducts thigh, superior horizontal fibers flexes thigh, posterior portion extends thigh at hip joint
Liz Huisman

Synergists
Adduction:
 Adductor (longus & brevis), gracilis, pectineus
Antagonists
Abduction:
 Gluteus (all 3), TFL, Sartorius
Hip Flexion:
 Rectus femorus, Iliopsoas, pectineus, TFL, gluteus (medius
& minimus), adductor (longus & brevis)
Liz Huisman
Hip Extension:
 Gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

Actions
Gluteus medius & minimus
 Hip abduction
 Medial rotation of hip
Gluteus maximus
 Extends the hip
Liz Huisman

Origin:
 Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion:
 Greater trochanter of femur
Nerve:
 Superior gluteal nerve
Roots:
 L4 & L5, S1
Liz Huisman

Synergists
Abduction:
 Gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius
Antagonists
Adduction:
 Adductors (all3), gracilis, pectineus, gluteus maximus
Medial Rotation:
 Gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, Adductor (all 3)
Liz Huisman
Lateral Rotation:
 Gluteus maximus, piriformis, iliopsoas, sartorius

Origin:
 Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest
Insertion:
 Greater trochanter of femur
Nerve:
 Superior Gluteal nerve
Roots:
 L4 & L5, S1
Liz Huisman

Synergists
Abduction:
 Gluteus (maximus & minimus), tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius
Antagonists
Adduction:
 Adductors (all 3), gracilis, pectineus
Medial Rotation:
 Gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, adductors (all 3), pectineus, gracilis
Lateral Rotation:
 Gluteus maximus, piriformis, iliopsoas, sartorius
Liz Huisman

Origin:
 Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx and aponeurosis of sacrospinalis
Insertion:
 Lateral part of linea aspera under greater trochanter
(gluteal tuberosity) of femur
Nerve:
 Inferior gluteal nerve
Roots:
 L5, S1 & S2
Liz Huisman

Synergists
Extension:
 Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, adductor magnus
Antagonists
Flexion:
 Gluteus (medius & minimus), rectus femoris, iliopsoas, pectineus, TFL, Sartorius
Lateral Rotation:
 Piriformis, iliopsoas, sartorius
Medial Rotation:
 Gluteus (medius & minimus),
TFL, adductors (all 3), pectineus, gracilis
Liz Huisman

 Action: Hip/Thigh Flexion
 Origin: Transverse Processes of T12-L5
 Insertion: Lesser Trochanter
 Nerve: Lumbar Nerves (L1-L3)
Josh McCoy

 Action: Hip/Thigh Flexion
 Origin: Iliac Crest, Fossa,
Anterior Sacroiliac Ligament
 Insertion: Lesser Trochanter
 Synergist (Iliopsoas): Rectus
Femoris, Pectineus
 Antagonist (Iliopsoas): Gluteus
Maximus, Semimembranosus,
Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris
Josh McCoy

Rectus Femoris
• Action: Extension at Knee, Flexion at Hip
• Origin: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
• Insertion: Patella via Quadriceps Tendon and then Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar
Ligament
• Nerve: Femoral
• Roots: L2-L4
Josh McCoy

 Synergist:
 Hip Flexion: Iliopsoas (Psoas Major and Iliacus), Pectineus
 Knee Extension: Vastus (Medialis, Lateralis, and Intermedialis)
 Antagonist:
 Hip Extension: Gluteus Maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps
Femoris
 Knee Flexion: Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris
Josh McCoy

 Action: Flexes Knee; Flexes, Abducts, and
Laterally Rotates Hip
 Origin: Anterior Iliac Spine
 Insertion: Upper Medial Surface of Body of Tibia
 Nerve: Femoral
 Roots: L2-L3
Josh McCoy

 Synergist:
 Hip Flexion: Rectus Femoris, Iliopsoas, Pectineus
 Knee Flexion: Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris
 Hip Abduction: Gluteus Minimis and Medius
 Antagonist:
 Hip Extension: Gluteus Maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris
 Knee Extension: Quadriceps Muscles
 Hip Adduction: Adductor (Longus, Brevis, and Magnus), Pectineus, Gracillis
Josh McCoy

 Action: Flexes and Abducts Thigh at Hip Joint; Helps stabilize and steady the Hip and Knee Joints by putting tension on the
Iliotibial Band of Fascia
 Origin: Anterior Superior Iliac
Spine and Anterior Iliac Crest
 Insertion: Tibia by way of
Iliotibial Tract
Josh McCoy

 Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve
 Roots: L4, L5, S1
 Synergist:
 Flexion: Rectus Femoris, Iliopsoas, Pectineus
 Abduction: Gluteus Medius and Minimis
 Antagonist:
 Extension: Gluteus Maximus, Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris
 Adduction: Gracillis, Pectineus, Adductors (All Three)
Josh McCoy

Obturator and Femoral
Superior and Inferior Gluteal, Sciatic
Josh McCoy

More Nerves (are we getting on yours yet?)
Common Peroneal
Josh McCoy

What are Pirate’s favorite vessels? ARRRRteries!
Har har har
• Femoral
• Deep Femoral (Profundus)
• Obturator
• Medial Circumflex Femoral
• Lateral Circumflex Femoral
Josh McCoy

Josh McCoy
 Superior Gluteal
 Inferior Gluteal

 Femoral
 Great Saphenous
 Profunda (Deep) Femoral
Josh McCoy

Josh McCoy

According to www.medicinenet.com, “A total hip replacement is a surgical procedure whereby the diseased cartilage and bone of the hip joint is surgically replaced with artificial materials. The normal hip joint is a ball and socket joint. The socket is a ‘cupshaped’ component of the pelvis called the acetabulum.”
Josh McCoy