Entry Task
• What is communism?
• When did the U.S.A. have troops fighting
against the Russians on Russian soil?
Enduring Understanding
• The Russian Revolution changed the
political and economic landscape of the
international community by eventually
adopting a Totalitarian Communist system.
Econ 2.2.1
• Understands and analyzes how planned
and market economies shape the
production, distribution, and consumption
of goods, services, and resources
Essential Questions
• What role did Lenin play in the Russian
Revolution?
• How do planned/command economies
function compared to market economies?
• In what way was the Soviet New
Economic Plan (NEP) similar to
capitalism?
• In what ways can a totalitarian state
control all social aspects of ones life?
Learning Targets
• I can name the 3 main people involved in
the Russian Revolution.
• I can accurately analyze examples of
propaganda for and against Russian
reforms.
• I can correctly describe the similarities and
differences between capitalism and
communism.
• I can analyze the consequences of war.
Russia – From Tsar to
Totalitarianism
World History
Mr. Noble
Mr. Voorhees
Power of the Tsars
• The Tsars gained power from nobles by:
– taking it and challenging their opposition (Ivan
the Terrible was very good at this)
Serfs
– Compensated the
nobles for decreased
power in government
by giving them greater
power over their land
and its occupants
• Serfs were peasants
who were tied to the
land
• (virtual slaves)
Serfs
• 1861 - Serfdom
abolished, but life did
not change for most
peasants
• 1891 - 1905 - Trans-Siberian R.R.
started to connect growing empire
(Vladivostok founded 1860)
Demographics
• 40% were literate
• 51% of people worked in agriculture
• 32% work in industries (worked 11 hours a
day, only 10 on Saturday)
World Population - 1900
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
British Empire 367,000,000
China 300,000,000
Russia 132,000,000
French Empire 81,500,000
United States 76,212,168
Germany 56,000,000
Industrial Output (1900)
Country
Coal Pig Iron Steel
USA
212
13.8
10.2
Great Britain
228
9
5
Germany
149
7.5
6.7
Russia
16.2
2.9
1.5
1905 - Russo-Japanese war
– Russia defeated (a humiliation for the
country who defeated Napoleon)!
– Jan. 22, 1905 – “Bloody Sunday”
• Demonstrators shot by Nicholas II’s soldiers
• Fearing revolution, he listens to their demands
Nicolas II forced to begin reforms
1. Constitution and
parliament (Duma)
created
2. Oil workers form
political councils
(soviets)
World War I
• Unprepared militarily
or industrially, Russia
suffered demoralizing
defeats, severe food
shortages, and
economic collapse
• 1917 - riots broke out
• Nicolas forced to
abdicate
Revolutionary Period
• Provisional government tried moderate policies
to maintain order (workers rights)
– Battled two groups for power
• Bolsheviks "Majority" - radical, led by Lenin
• Mensheviks "Minority" - more moderate
Lenin
• United States and
other powers invade
Russia to stop the
Bolsheviks
• Bolsheviks triumphed
in 1920
What Lenin Believed
• Capitalism – economic system where
people control the factors of production
– Good idea = $$
• Socialism – Political and economic system
where government owns the key factors of
production
– Lenin based his ideas on Karl Marx’s
teachings
Karl Marx
• 1848 – wrote Communist Manifesto
– Human history is about the struggle for
survival (strong versus weak)
• Bourgeoisie – middle class who own factories
• Proletariat – working class
– Revolution will favor the Proletariat, who will
create a society of equality
• “dictatorship of the proletariat”
– Eventually people would accept socialism and
government would disappear
Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) - seizure
of power
• Bolshevik
membership soared
during the summer
• Nov. 6, 1917 Soviets
took over the gov’t
• Provided answer to
anarchy, had good
leadership and
appealed to soldiers
and workers alike
Dictatorship and Civil War
• Approved of peasant
land seizure
• Ended war – Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk
• Dissolved the
Constituent Assembly
USSR
• After Lenin gained control of Russia, it is
renamed
– Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Civil War 1918 - 1921
• Whites vs. Reds
• Fighting was brutal
• Reds were victorious
by 1921
*victory was due to:
– well-defined political
program
– better army
– effective secret police
force (the Cheka)
Ukrainian family - suffering from typhus
Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP)
• By 1921, the country
was devastated
– NEP was to get
economy viable
– Peasants bought and
sold goods on the free
market
*looked like Capitalism!
• Economic recovery and Lenin's death in
1924 brought a struggle for power
between Stalin and Trotsky
Stalin won
• Read Page 824 in Holt
• Stalin’s Soviet Union
Stalin's Soviet Union
• Modern totalitarian
dictatorship
• Five-Year Plans
– Economic
– Social
Five-year Plans
• 1928 – destroy the NEP and catch up
with the West
Questions to Stalin
• How did killing his own people help Stalin?
• Why didn’t people revolt against Stalin?
– 5000 Ukrainian leaders executed in 1929 for
planning a revolt
• Why did people continue to “love” him?
– Propaganda
Collectivization
• “Massive famine in
1932-1933 in Ukraine
• Five-year plans brought spectacular growth in
heavy industry
– Steel production grew 500% between 1928-1937
“Five Year Plan in Four Years!”
Terror and the Great Purges
• In the mid-1930s, a
system of terror and
purging was instituted
Stalin & Nadezhda
Stalin & Kirov
Show Trials 1936-1938
• 16 Party leaders
confessed to plots
against Stalin
– Why did they give
false confessions?
• Ritual confession of
short-comings of Party
– Dedication
• Tortured and families
threatened
• Lower level members
were executed
privately
Total Control
• New party members
had only ever been
loyal to Stalin
Russia Review
• Organize your Russia information: Holt pp.
455-460; 519-521; 557-561;
• PowerPoint lecture
Foundations of Political
Values
Democracy versus Communism
Mr. Noble & Mr. Voorhees
Declaration of Independence
• Written in 1776
• Justified freedom for
13 British Colonies
• Thomas Jefferson
Communist Manifesto
• Published 1848
• Overthrow of Capitalism and
creation of a classless
society
• Karl Marx
Can you tell the difference
between each?
Your Assignment…
• How are these documents similar?
How are they different?
• Look at the list of quotes from each
document and write a “D” for
Declaration of Independence or a “M”
for the Communist Manifesto.
Economic Systems
Capitalism
Similarities
Communism
Democracy
Similarities
Totalitarianism
Essential Questions
• What role did Lenin play in the Russian
Revolution?
• How do planned/command economies
function compared to market economies?
• In what way was the Soviet New
Economic Plan (NEP) similar to
capitalism?
• In what ways can a totalitarian state
control all social aspects of ones life?
Alexander II
Nicholas II
Leaders of
Russia/
USSR
Joseph
Stalin
Vladimir
Lenin
Terms to Know for Quiz
•
•
•
•
•
Abdicate,
Assassinate,
Bolsheviks,
Bourgeoisie,
Communist
Manifesto,
• Duma,
• Emancipation
Edict,
• Five-Year Plan,
• Genocide, Karl
• Marx,
• New Economic
Policy,
• Proletariat,
• Provisional
Government,
• Purge,
• RussoJapanese War,
•
•
•
•
Serfs,
Socialism,
Totalitarianism,
Trans-Siberian
Railroad,
• World War I