Revolution & Nationalism
Vocabulary
Chapter 14
Rasputin
-Siberian peasant monk who was very
influential at the court of Czar
Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra
because he could control their son’s
hemophilia. He was assassinated by
nobles because they feared his
increasing role in government affairs.
Duma
– Russia’s first parliament
made up of moderates
who wanted a
constitutional monarchy.
Bolsheviks
– a group of revolutionary Russian
Marxists who supported a small
number of committed
revolutionaries willing to sacrifice
everything for change and took
control of Russia’s government in
November 1917.
V.I. Lenin
– Russian founder of the
Bolsheviks and leader of
the Russian Revolution
and first head of the
USSR.
Trans-Siberian
Railway
– The world’s longest
continuous rail line. It
connected European Russia
in the west with Russian
ports on the Pacific Ocean in
the east.
pogroms
– organized violence
against Jews.
provisional
government
-Temporary government
created by the Duma after
the Czars abdication. Their
decision to continue
fighting in WWI caused its
loss of power.
soviet
– Local councils
consisting of workers,
peasants and soldiers.
command
economy
– A system in which the
government made all
economic decisions.
totalitarianism
– a government that takes
total, centralized state
control over every aspect
of public and private life.
kulak
– a member of a class
of wealthy Russian
peasants.
Great Purge
– a campaign of terror in the
Soviet Union during the
1930’s in which Joseph
Stalin tried to eliminate all
the people who threatened
his power.
collective farm
– large government
owned farms created by
combining many small
farms.
socialist realism
– a style of art in which
Communist values and
life under Communism
are glorified.
Joseph Stalin
– Russian leader who replaced
Lenin as head of the
Communist Party and created
a totalitarian state by getting
rid of all opposition.
Kuomitang
- the Chinese Nationalist
party, formed after the fall
of the Qing Dynasty in
1912.
May Fourth Movement
– a national protest in China in
1919, in which people
protested against the Treaty of
Versailles and foreign
interference.
civil disobedience
-a deliberate and public
refusal to obey a law
considered unjust.
Mohandas K. Gandhi
- political and spiritual leader
of India during the Indian
independence movement.
Long March
– a 6,000 mile journey made in
1934-1935 by Mao Zedong
and Chinese Communists
running away from Jiang
Jieshi’s nationalist forces.
Mustafa Kemal
- Turkish statesman who
abolished the caliphate
and founded Turkey as a
modern secular state
(1881-1938)
Sun Yixian
– The first leader of the
Nationalist party who
succeeded in
overthrowing the last
emperor.
Mao Zedong
– China’s greatest
revolutionary leader. He
was a founder of the
Chinese Communist Party
and proclaimed the
People's Republic of China.