Biology
--Unit 1-Review Flashcards
•Store energy by adding a
phosphate to ADP (forming
ATP).
What can ATP be used
•Release energy by removing a
for
in
cells?
phosphate from ATP.
•CHONPS
•Carbon,
ListHydrogen,
out all ofOxygen,
the
Nitrogen,
Phosphorus,
Sulfur
biological elements:
•Able to maintain homeostasis.
•Able to grow/develop.
•Able
to
respond/adapt/evolve.
What characteristics are
•Able to reproduce.
required
to
be
living?
•Able to metabolize and excrete.
•Basic Units of Matter = Atoms
•Basic
Units
of
Life
=
Cells
What are the basic
units
of matter? Of life?
•Chemical Potential Energy:
Energy
in the
bonds of
Whatstored
is the
difference
molecules.
between chemical
potential
•Kinetic
Energy: and kinetic
Energy being
used
right
now
in
a
energy?
chemical reaction.
•They cannot do any of the
following on their own (or
without
a
host
cell):
Why are viruses NOT
•Maintain homeostasis
considered
•Grow / Developto be
•Metabolize / Excrete
•Reproduce
living?
•Carbohydrate Monomers =
Monosaccharides
•Lipid Monomers =
Fatty Acids + Glycerol
•Protein Monomers =
Amino Acids
•Nucleic Acid Monomers =
List out the Monomers
for:
Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins and Nucleic
Nucleotides
Acids
•Carbohydrate Polymers =
Polysaccharides
•Lipid Polymers =
Phospholipids, Fats, Oils
•Protein Polymers =
Polypeptides, Enzymes
•Nucleic Acid Polymers =
DNA & RNA
List out the Polymers for:
Carbohydrates, Lipids,
Proteins, and Nucleic
Acids
•Provide cells with:
Immediate energy
…and…
What
are
the
functions
Intermediate energy
of carbohydrates?
•Provide cells with long term
energy storage.
What
are
the
functions
•Form cell membranes.
of lipids?
•Catalyze chemical reactions.
•Express instructions in DNA.
What are the functions
of proteins?
•Provide cells with genetic
instructions to make protein.
What are the functions
of nucleic acids?
•There is an uneven distribution of
charge across the surface of a
molecule.
(One
end
of
the
molecule
is
more
What does polar mean?
positively charged, and the other
end is more negatively charged.)
•The structure of the active site on
the ENZYME changes.
•The enzyme can no longer
What
happens
when
an
function in the reaction.
enzyme
is denatured?
•The
enzyme can
no longer
INCREASE the speed of the
reaction.
1) Dehydration Synthesis
2) Water is being removed.
3) The monomers are being bonded
For
this
diagram:
together to form a polymer.
1) What is the name of the process?
4) Cells
use
this
to
store
energy
in
2)What is happening with water?
newly
formed bonds.
3) What
is happening
with the molecules?
4) What is this process used for?
1) Hydrolysis
2) Water is being added.
3) The polymer is being broken
apart into individual monomers.
For this
4) Cells use this
todiagram:
release energy
1) What is the name of the process?
from2)What
the broken
is happeningbonds.
with water?
3) What is happening with the molecules?
4) What is this process used for?
•Speed up the rate (make it go
faster).
What do enzymes do to
chemical reactions?
•Carbohydrates
What type of
biomolecule are starches
and sugars?
•Carbon
What is the most
common and important
biological element?
•To make/build cell membranes.
What is the function of
phospholipids?
•Dehydration Synthesis
What reaction bonds
together monomers to
form larger polymers?
•Hydrolysis
Which reaction breaks
apart polymers to form
smaller monomers?
•Hydrolysis
Which reaction is used
to release energy?
•Dehydration Synthesis
Which reaction is used
to store energy?
•A protein in our blood that allows
oxygen to bind to our red blood
cells.
What is hemoglobin?
•By removing a phosphate.
How is energy released
from ATP?
•A phosphate is added.
How is energy stored in
ADP?
•Since Benedict tests for Monosaccharides:
A•The
solution
reactsmonosaccharides.
with Benedict
solution contains
•The
solution
provides
short
term
energy.
and Iodine (which test for
monosaccharides
and
•Since Iodine tests for Polysaccharides:
•The solution
contains polysaccharides.
polysaccharides).
•The solution provides intermediate energy.
List out everything you know
about this solution:
•Since Sudan tests for Lipids:
• It contains lipids.
• It is made of fatty acids and glycerol.
• It could form cell membranes or provide long term
energy storage.
A solution reacts with Sudan
(which test for lipids).
List out everything you know
about this solution:
•Since Biuret tests for Proteins:
• It contains proteins.
• It is made of amino acids.
• It could catalyze chemical reactions.
A solution reacts with Biuret
(which test for proteins).
List out everything you know
about this solution:
Draw 2 graphs to compare
monosaccharides and
polysaccharides.
•The monosaccharide line shows a quick spike and
Energy
Monosaccharide
Time
Energy
Polysaccharide
Time
drop in energy, because monosaccharides provide
a short burst of energy.
•The polysaccharide line shows longer lasting
energy, because polysaccharides provide
intermediate energy.
Explain why you drew them like
this…
Draw 2 graphs to compare a
reaction happening WITH an
enzyme, and one WITHOUT an
•The “with” line is shorter,
because
enzymes
allow
enzyme.
reactions to happen with less (or decreased)
Activ.
Energy
“WITH”
Time
Activ.
Energy
“WITHOUT”
Time
activation energy required.
•The “without” line is taller, because without an
enzyme, more activation energy is required to get
the reaction going.
Explain why you drew them like
this…
• Enzymes denature at high temperatures (like what you
have when you have a fever).
• When an enzyme denatures, the structure of its active
site changes…
• This prevents the substrate from binding to it…
• Which means the enzyme can’t function in that
reaction anymore.
• Living things rely on chemical reactions and enzymes to
stay alive, so without enzymes, the living thing can die.
Explain why fevers are dangerous
to enzymes and living organisms:
• A living thing should:
• Be made of cells.
• Be made of water.
• Be made of 6 biological elements (CHONPS).
• Be made of 4 biomolecules (Carbohydrates, Proteins,
Lipids, Nucleic Acids).
• Be able to do the following on its own:
Explain what scientists can use to
identify
if something is living:
• Grow
• Reproduce
• Adapt/Evolve
• Metabolize / Excrete
• Maintain Homeostasis