Chapter 9
Human Development
AP Psychology
Section #2 Pages 282-300
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Guided Reading
Name_____________
Period_____________
What are the three major stages of prenatal development? What are teratogens?
Describe the human development process from conception to birth?
What is it stated that human infants are the world’s most helpless newborns?
Why is it stated that infants are active developers?
What does the preferential looking technique involve and what have researchers learned from
using this technique?
Describe the process of a child’s brain development (synaptic connections, pruning and
reorganization).
What are the names of Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development? What are the major differences
between Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development?
Social Development – What was the significance of H. Harlow’s “wire vs terry cloth mother”
experiment?
What did John Bowlby suggest about human attachment and why is it important?
What was significant about Mary Ainsworth’s “strange situation”?
What are the 3 types of attachment that Mary Ainsworth studied?
What are the 8 stages of social development according to Erik Erikson? What stage do teens
experience?
What are the differences between the 4 parenting styles according to Diana Baumrind?
What is the difference between the levels of moral reasoning & morality according to Lawrence
Kohlberg?
What did Carol Gilligan have to say about the work of Kohlberg?
What is the prosocial behavior movement in moral development? Give two examples in the real
world of a child demonstrating this.
Section 3-5 Pages 300-313
What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics?
Explain why adolescents often display very strong emotions but cannot yet control these passions?
Describe adolescent egocentrism.
Describe the adolescent challenge of identity versus identity confusion?
Answer the 6 questions in the psychological inquiry at the top of page 302.
How many of James Marcia’s identity statuses have you been in? Explain.
How does developing an ethnic identity help in development?
How powerful of an influence are parents and peers to an adolescent in identity formation?
What are major physical, social, and cognitive changes of adulthood?
Describe the following theories of aging; Cellular-clock theory & telomeres, free-radical theory,
hormonal stress theory.
What are the findings of the Mankato Nun study?
What does Gisela Labouvie-Vief propose about the cognition of early adulthood?
Describe the cognition of middle adulthood according to K. Warner Schaie. ( What aspects slow
and what abilities peak.
What is the difference between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence?
What increases and what decreases in late adulthood in relation to cognition?
What did Gottman find to be at work for successful marriages?
What are the benefits of engaged parenting for a middle adult?
According to Erikson, how does one make meaning through the process of a life review as we
age?
Describe Laura Carstensen socioemotional selectivity theory.
How does experiencing death in middle adulthood force people to focus on according to Victor
Frankl?
Explain how Victor Frankl’s ideas fit with the lead singer of the rock group U2, Bono’s later life
endeavors?