Italy and German Nationalism
Warm Up: La Boehme
Homework 258-263
Common Elements
• Nationality
• Language
• Culture
• History
• Religion
• Territory
Types
Unification
Separation
State- Building
Nationalism
Force of Separation
• Austria-Hungary
Diverse Population
revolts (Hungarian,
German, Czech, Poles,
Serb, Slav, Italian)
• Russian (Ukrainian,
Georgian…
• Ottoman (Greek,
Arab, Slav…)
Italy
• Eight Kingdoms
• Conquest of Papal
States- Rome
becomes the Capital
of Italy
• 1859 In North
Piedmont and
Sardinia (Camillo di
Cavour) with French
(Louis Napoleon)
help drive out
Austrians
• In South Nationalist
Sicily Red Shirts
(Giuseppe Garibaldi)
• Agree on Victor
Emmanuel II of
Piedmont as leader of
a unified Italy
• Austria loses most
Italian territory
Garibaldi on the Bourbon in Sicily
“Italians! The Sicilians are fighting are fighting against the
enemies of Italy. It is the duty of Every Italian to help them
with words, money and arms, above all in person.
The misfortune of Italy arise from the indifference of one
province to the fate of the others. The redemption of Italy
began from the moment that men of the same land ran to
help their distressed brothers.
Let Italians from all regions rise to the defeat the forces of our
enemies.
To arms! Let me put an end, once and for all, to the miseries of
so many centuries. Prove to the word that it is no lie that
Roman generations inhabited the land”
Prussia
• 39 German States- unified
in a confederation at
Congress of Vienna
• Largest Prussia- Frankfurt
Assembly offers united
throne to Prussian King.
• King Wilhelm appoints
Otto Von Bismarck as
chancellor
• Realpolotik- Little regard
to ethics but power
Otto von Bismark
“Germany does not look to Prussia’s
liberalism but to her power”
Second Reich
• Raised taxes and with Austrian support
defeats Denmark to take lands
• Picks fight with Austria (7 weeks war)
• Also forces “incident” (an insult to the
king) with France. Franco- Prussian
war- Prussia wins easily France loses
territories of Alsace and Loraine
• Gains support of Southern States
although Catholic they mistrust France.
• Wilhelm I crowned Kaiser of Germany
• Second Reich declared by Wilhelm
Otto Von Bismarck
“ When I say that we must strive continually to be
ready for all emergencies, I advance the
proposition that on account of our geographical
position, we must make greater efforts than other
powers would be obliged to make in view of the
same ends. We lie in the middle of Europe. We
have at least three fronts on which we can be
attacked. France has only the Eastern boundary,
Russia only its Western, exposed to assault…So
we are spurred forward on both sides to endeavor
which perhaps we would not make otherwise”
Summary Questions
1) What country suffered the most due to Italian
Unification?
2) Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of
Italy after who’s defeat?
3) Who was the leader of the red shirts?
4) What event did Bismarck use to gain support of
Southern Germans?
5) Who originated the concept of realpolitik?
6) What was the title given to the new ruler of a
unified Germany?