Acids, Bases and Salts
Chapter 19
Sec 1 -2
•
Acids
–
–
–
–
• Common Acids
– H2SO4, Sulfuric acid - used in batteries & fertilizer
– H3PO4, Phosphoric acid - used in soft drinks & fertilizer
– HCl, Hydrocholric acid - stomach acid
•
Base
–
–
–
–
• Common bases are lye & drain cleaner
Acid-Base Definitions
Type
Acid
Base
Arrhenius
Bronsted-Lowry
Lewis
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
• Two substances related by the _______ or ________ of a single _________
NH3 +
H2 O

NH4+ + OH-
Naming Acids
• Use the template below to name acids:
Example
Acid
Anion
ending
Example
Examples:
• Name the following acids
– HBr
– HNO2
•
– H2SO4
Write the formula for the following acids
– Hydrofluoric acid
– Phosphorous acid
pH and pOH
• The conc. of H+ and OH- ions determines the pH (or) pOH of a solution
•
•
•
In aq. solutions,
Note:
pH =
If
and
pH =
pH <
pH >
Examples:
• Find the pH of . . .
• [H+] = 1.0 x 10-4 M
• [H+] = 1.0 x 10-8 M
• [H+] = 2.0 x 10-7 M
•
•
[OH-] = 1.0 x 10-6 M
[OH-] = 4.5 x 10-11 M
pOH =
Example:
•
•
•
What is the [H+] of a solution if the pH = 4.98?
– Use the inverse log button, 10x or yx key
– Plug in the negative value of pH
[H+] =
or
+
[H ] =
pH is logarithmic
pH=3 is ten times more acidic than a pH=4
– A little change in pH is a BIG change in concentration.
If the concentration of H+ is…
0.000 000 1 M = 1 x 10-7 M
– The pH is 7
0.001 M = 1 x 10-3 M
– The pH is 3
•
•
Water is unique b/c…
–
Sometimes it _____________ a H+ ion, ________
–
Sometimes it _____________ a H+ ion, ________
Water can act both as an acid and base, which is defined as amphoteric
Acid-Base Indicators
•
– Examples
•
•