細胞學特論作業
研一 94334002 曾仁志
題目：norepinephrine(NE) receptor 有幾個 transmembrane domain
出處：Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, S. Lawrence Zipursky, Paul Matsudaira,
David Baltimore, James Darnell (2000) Molecular Cell Biology. Fourth edition.藝軒
圖書公司代理進口.
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and related neurotransmitter dopamine are all
synthesized from tyrosine and contain the catechol moiety; hence they are referred to
as catecholamines, Nerves that synthesize and use epinephrine or norepinephrine are
termed adrenergic.
Norepinephrine structure
All known receptors for catecholamines are coupled to G proteins. Because
different receptors are linked to different G proteins, their activation leads to changes
in the levels of different intracellular second messengers. For instance, binding of
norepinephrine to β-adrenergic receptors on nerve cells causes activation of Gs and
an increase in camp synthesis, the same mechanism by which β -adrenergic
receptorsfunction in non-neuronal cells. Other neuronal adrenergic receptors activate
Gi, Go, or other types of G proteins, resulting in a decrease in cAMP levels or
increases in the levels of other intracellular second messengers, such as cGMP,
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate(IP3), diacylglycerol, and arachidonic acid. Some second
messengers, such as cGMP and IP3, act to directly open or close ion channels in
neurons; IP3, for example, opens Ca2+ channels in the membrane of the endoplasmic
reticulum, causing an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Other second messengers have a
more indirect effect on ion channels, as exemplified by the serotonin receptor, another
G protein coupled receptor.
出處：http://departments.oxy.edu/biology/linden/neuro2000/mar20.html

Norepinephrine is a catecholamine

The norepinephrine receptors are 7 transmembrane-domain receptors
Receptor subtypes

o
1 receptor is postsynaptic and activates second messenger systems
involving IP3/DAG
o
2 receptor is presynaptic and causes a decreased [cAMP] by
inhibiting the adenylyl cyclase
o
1 receptor is postsynaptic and causes an increased [cAMP] by
activating the adenylyl cyclase
o
2 receptor is postsynaptic and causes a decreased [cAMP] by
inhibiting the adenylyl cyclase
其他相關文獻：Sugimoto Y, Fujisawa R, Tanimura R, Lattion AL, Cotecchia S,
Tsujimoto G, Nagao T, Kurose H. (2002) Beta(1)-selective agonist
(-)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenetylamino)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy)-2-propanol [(-)-RO363]
differentially interacts with key amino acids responsible for beta(1)-selective
binding in resting and active states. THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 301(1)：51-58.