AP EURO: LECTURE OUTLINE pp. 558-563
THE INDUSTRIAL FACTORY:
1. First used to produce cotton textiles
2. New way to organize labor
3. Shift from shops and cottages
4. Workers didn’t own machines - just provided labor
The factory system 1. New type of discipline for workers
2. Required regular work hours
3. Created a system of time-work discipline
4. Work was repetitive and boring
5. Strict and detailed regulation of workers
6. Fines and dismissal for adults violating work rules
7. Beating for children who violated work rules
New evangelic churches/Methodism reinforced the ideas of
1. Hard work
2. Discipline
3. Thrift
BRITAIN’S GREAT EXHIBITION OF 1851:
The world’s first industrial fair
Held in London at the Crystal Palace
Six million people visited the exhibition
Displayed Britain’s wealth/was a symbol of British success
By the year of the Great Exhibition - Britain was
1. First and richest industrial nation
2. “workshop, banker, and trader of the world”
3. Produced half of the world’s coal and manufactured goods
THE SPREAD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION:
Starts in Britain
Spreads to Continental Europe - Belgium, France, and German states
Spreads to the United States
After 1850 it starts to spread to other parts of Europe then around the world
LIMITATIONS TO INDUSTRIALIZATION:
Reasons continental industrialization lagged behind Britain I. Lack of good transportation - bad roads and rivers
Internal tolls and barriers = increased costs and prices
II. Entrepreneurs were less innovative = too traditional/disliked competition
Unwillingness to take risks
III. Wars of the French Revolution and Napoleon disrupted business and trade
IV. British had advantage of starting first = industrialization was complicated and expensive by the time the
Continent began industrializing
V. lack of technical knowledge
One advantage of lagging industrialization was that they could simple borrow/steal British techniques and
practices
John Cockerill in Belgium
Britain unsuccessfully tried to restrict the export of industrial machinery, machine parts, and expertise
The role of government in continental industrialization 1. Much greater than in Britain
2. Paid for technical education, grants to inventors, sometimes financed factories
3. Building of roads, canals, and railroad construction in 1840’s-1850’s
4. Use of tariffs to protect domestic industries
Friedrich List 1. German writer
2. Author of - National System of Political Economy
3. Advocated large and rapid industrialization
4. Nation must use protective tariffs - could not compete with the British without them
Continental join-stock investment banks 1. Societe Generale and Banque de Belgium - Belgium
2. Credit Mobiler - France
CENTERS OF CONTINENTAL INDUSTRIALIZATION:
Three major centers of continental industrialization between 1815 and 1859 1.Belgium
2. France
3. German states
The Industrial Revolution was based on
1. The cotton industry - Britain
2. Iron and coal - continental Europe
After 1850 continental Europe takes a great leap forward in industrialization and begins to challenge British
industrial dominance