Effects of Industrialization
URBANIZATION
WHAT IS URBANIZATION?
City building and the
movement of people to
cities
 Some cities (Glasgow and
Berlin) tripled and
quadrupled

INDUSTRIALIZATION CHANGES WAYS OF LIFE




1700s – Britain was primarily a rural
country
1851 – More lived in cities than the
countryside
Pace of Industrialization quickened in
Britain
Factory system – manufacturing goods
in a central location


Factories developed in clusters. Why?
Entrepreneurs built them near sources of
energy
GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES

London – Britain’s capital and Europe’s largest
city in 1800 (1 million people)
 Population

exploded in the 1800s
New cities challenged London’s industrial
leadership
 Birmingham
and Sheffield became iron-smelting
centers
 Leeds and Manchester dominated textile
manufacturing
CASE STUDY: MANCHESTER

Formed the center of
Britain’s bustling
cotton industry
POPULATION GROWTH
Manchester's Population Growth
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
1750
1801
1831
1871
PEER DISCUSSION

Using Manchester’s population growth
as an example, what could be the
advantages and disadvantages of such
rapid growth?
 Provide
two examples for the advantages
and two examples for the disadvantages
 Describe Manchester in relation to one of
the 5 themes of Geography
LIVING CONDITIONS




No sanitary codes or building controls
Lack of adequate housing, education,
and police protection
Lack of running water and indoor
plumbing
Frequent epidemics sweeping through
slums


Ex. Cholera
Eventually, better housing, healthier
diets, and cheaper clothing
WORKING CONDITIONS






Created new jobs for workers
Workers trying to keep pace with
machines
Factories dirty and unsanitary
Workers running dangerous
machines for long hours
Harsh, severe factory discipline
Eventually, higher wages,
shorter hours, and better
working conditions
CLASS TENSIONS


Not everyone in the new cities lived
miserably
A new class emerged – the middle class




A social class of skilled workers,
professionals, businesspeople, and wealthy
farmers
Upper class of landowners and aristocrats
resentful of rich middle class
Lower middle class of factory overseers
and skilled workers
Workers overworked and underpaid
SOCIAL CLASSES
Upper Class
 Upper Middle Class
 Lower Middle Class
 Working Class
 Do these social classes still exist
today? In what ways?

CURRENT EVENTS: CHINA’S POPULATION
PROBLEMS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-W3l1VE2hw
POLITICAL CARTOONS - ASSIGNMENT


You are a cartoonist the a London newspaper
during the Industrial Revolution and feel
troubled by the different problems that are
happening as a result of this “revolution.” Your
newspaper editor has asked you to create a
political cartoon (cartoons that convey a
message in humorous and/or thoughtprovoking ways) that highlights a condition or
problem associated with the Industrial
Revolution in Great Britain. Some problems you
may choose to illustrate are: the pollution of the
air, the hierarchy of social classes, the
dangerous conditions in the factories, and the
crowded living conditions.
Remember: Cartoons should combine both
drawings and text
POLITICAL CARTOONS