Emergency protocols for non-physician RRTs The following emergency protocols may be initiated by the appropriate nursing staff (e.g., RRT) prior to receiving an order by a physician: 1. Respiratory Distress a. Non-intubated patient b. Intubated patient 2. Symptomatic hypotension 3. Chest pain 4. Symptomatic bradycardia 5. Sustained ventricular tachycardia a Hemodynamically stable b. Hemodynamically unstable 6. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation 7. Major hemorrhage 8. Acute altered mental status/unresponsiveness 9. Acute stroke Examples of emergency protocols: EMERGENCY PROTOCOLS 1. RESPIRATORY DISTRESS 1.1 NON-INTUBATED PATIENT a. Position patient to open airway b. Administer supplemental O2 c. Apply continuous pulse oximetry d. Adjust O2 to keep O2 sat >92% e. Obtain ISTAT ABG f. Obtain Stat Portable Chest X-ray g. Suction as indicated h. Establish or verify patent large bore IV access i. If condition continues to deteriorate, use mask bag ventilation with 100% FI 02 Initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation as indicated Implement AHA Guidelines for ACLS as clinically indicated Activate Code 500 System Document clinical assessment and interventions 2. SYMPTOMATIC HYPOTENSION 2.1 Lie patient flat elevate lower extremities 2.2 Administer supplemental O2 2.3 Apply continuous pulse oximetry 2.4 Adjust O2 to keep oxygen saturation >92% 2.5 Establish or verify large bore IV access 2.6 Search for and treat reversible underlying cause Pulmonary Edema Volume Problem (shock) Pump Problem (MI) Rate Problem (Bradycardia / Tachycardia) 2.7 Rapid bolus infusion of 500cc Normal Saline (in < 30 min) Use caution patients with cardiac history of poor ventricular function 2.8 Initiate Dopamine Drip titrate to keep SBP > 90mmhg 2.9 If patient becomes tachycardic: wean dopamine 2.10 Initiate Levophed Drip titrate to keep SBP >90mmhg If patient continues to deteriorate, Initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation as indicated Implement AHA Guidelines for ACLS as clinically indicated Activate Code Blue System as needed Document clinical assessment and interventions 3. CHEST PAIN 3.1 Administer supplemental O2 3.2 Apply continuous pulse oximetry 33 Adjust O2 to keep oxygen saturation >92% 3.4 Obtain stat 12 lead ECG 3.5 Give NTG 1/150 tablet S/L if SBP >100 mmgh May repeat x2 if SBP >100mmhg 3.6 Establish or verify patent large bore IV access 3.7 Consider aspirin therapy Initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation as indicated Implement AHA Guidelines for ACLS as clinically indicated Activate Code Blue System Document clinical assessment and interventions 4. SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA Indicated by heart rate < 60 beats / minute with: Symptomatic Hypotension 4.1 Administer supplemental O2 4.2 Apply continuous pulse oximetry 4.3 Adjust O2 to keep oxygen saturation >92% 4.4 Establish or verify patent large bore IV access 5.5 Administer Atropine 0.5-1 mg IV push every 3-5 minutes Up to a total dose of 3 mg or 0.04 mg/kg Prepare for transcutaneous pacing If patient continues to deteriorate Initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation as indicated Implement AHA Guidelines for ACLS as clinically indicated Activate Code 500 System Document clinical assessment and interventions 5. SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE 5.1 Administer supplemental O2 5.2 Apply continuous pulse oximetry 5.3 Adjust O2 to keep oxygen saturation >92% 5.4 Establish or verify patent large bore IV access 5.5 Administer Amiodarone 150 mg in 100 cc D5W over 10 minutes OR Lidocaine 1-1.5 mg/kg IV push If patient continues to deteriorate Activate Code 500 System Initiate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation as indicated Implement AHA Guidelines for ACLS as clinically indicated Document clinical assessment and interventions Source: Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu