Bio 2424: Human Physiology – Spring 2007
Lab Review Guide: Renal Function Tests and Urinalysis
FINAL LAB EXAM!
It covers all material covered in lab since the last lab exam (see schedule)!
Remember: It is your responsibility to determine what parts of the information that you are responsible for which you may need extra assistance
with. These review guides will help you identify specific instructional objectives you will be expected to meet, if you are to do well on the exam.
Review your lab notes, experimental data, and results. Be prepared to answer questions, especially definitions, and solve problems similar to those
done in this activity. These sheets are your content checklists for the lab exam.
Check with your lab instructor should you have questions pertaining to each of these)
Reading Assignments / Pertinent References:
Read the following assignments before coming to lab in order to be well prepared for each of the planned activities, assignments, and
Pre-lab quiz. Also be sure to bring a Scan-Tron answer sheet and #2 pencil to lab for the Pre-Lab quiz:
1) Interactive Physiology (IP): Renal System; Anatomy Review (1-21), Glomerular Filtration (1-16), Early
Filtrate Processing (1-23), Late Filtrate Processing (1-14) Cardiovascular System; Blood Pressure Regulation
(12-30) Fluid & Electrolytes; Water Homeostasis (1-28), Electrolyte Homeostasis (1-39), Acid Base
Homeostasis (29-33,37)
2) Tharp Exercise: Renal Physiology pp. 217-224
3) Silverthorn Textbook Reference: Read / Review Pages – Chapter 19: The Kidneys pp.613-636 & Chapter 20: Fluid and
Electrolyte Balance pp. 642-671
The above assignments: Text (Silverthorn), Lab Manual (Tharp), and especially the IP Web tutorials will
be reviewed in formulating the questions on the pre-lab quiz for next week.
(Check with your lab instructor should you have questions pertaining to each of these)
Review and Content Applications:
Activities which may be completed during lab sessions “in-class” or utilized between scheduled lab sessions. Material covered in
these assignments / activities may be reviewed by your instructor in formulating lab exam questions.
PhysioEx 6.0: Exercise # 9  #9 pp. 80-87; 161-164) Using the PhysioEx website (www.physioex.com), complete the
activities included under PhysioEx Exercise #9. Questions based upon this activity will be included on the first
laboratory exam. Complete the Exercise #9 review sheets (located online) as a way to check your understanding. See
your instructor if you need assistance.
Key Words / Technical Terms:
You will be expected to have familiarity with the meaning and use of each of the following terms:
Osmosis
Collecting Duct
Diffusion
Peritubular capillaries
Electrolyte
filtration
Sodium (Na+) (hypernatremia, hyponatremia)
reabsorption
Potassium (K+) (hypokalemia, hyperkalemia)
secretion
Dehydration
hydrostatic pressure
Isotonic concentration of human blood
colloid osmotic pressure
Kidney
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
Uereter
Urine volume
Urinary bladder
Urine specific gravity
Urethra
Urine output
Renal cortex
Micturition reflex
Renal medulla
Urine Chloride (sodium) Determination
Renal pyramid
Vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Calyces
Aldosterone
nephron
Aquaporins
Afferent arteriole
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Pathway (see
Efferent arteriole
Silverthorn p. 637-638)
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (See Silverthorn
glomerulus
pp. 638-639)
Bowman’s capsule
Renin
Proximal convoluted tubule
Angiotensin I & II
Loop of Henle
Angiotension converting enzyme (ACE)
Distal convoluted tubule
Blood vessel radius and effects on blood flow
and pressure
Continue 
Requisite Knowledge Assessment / Review:
In order to do well on the final lab exam, in addition to making sure you know he meanings of each of the terms listed
above, it is highly recommended that you review the LRG’s objectives below and be able to thoroughly and successfully
complete each of them: (See your lab instructor for help if you encounter difficulties, need clarification, or simply wish
to confirm the correctness of your answers)
1) Answer lab report questions
a) on p. 221 Tharp: Know the trends expected in the graphs of each of the following experimental groups for: Urine
Volume (ml. min.), Urine Specific Gravity, and Urine Sodium Chloride Levels as indicated by the “Experimental
Data” given to you in the laboratory. (Be able to complete the Expected Outcome Table your instructor explained to
you in class) on p 223-224 Tharp (Be able to answer all questions on these two pages) (Use your lab notes and
reference texts to help you)
b) PhysioEx 6.0 # 9 Renal System Physiology questions pp. 80-87; 161-164.
2.) Be able to define and calculate each of the following values as there relate to urinalysis AND interpret each as normal
or abnormal values. Where applicable be able to suggest specific homeostatic or physiological conditions which may be
indicated by each.
Determined by Direct Analysis:
a) urine output (ml/min)
b) (sodium) chloride concentration
c) specific gravity
Determined by Mutistix (“dip stick”) Test Analysis:
pH
specific gravity
blood
proteins (albumin)
leukocytes
bilirubin
nitrates
glucose
ketones
urobilinogen
3) What is the isotonic concentration of fluid compartments of the human body? Review the concepts of osmosis and
diffusion, including hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic and the effects of each of them on tissue cells.
4.) Be able to draw /list the path followed by a drop of urine beginning to form as it passes from the glomerulus of the
nephron to external urethral meatus/orifice.
5) Be able to sketch the anatomical appearance of a nephron including each of the structures involved in urine formation
and its immediately associated blood input and output.
6) Be able label the site of each of the following processes in your drawing from question #5: Filtration, Reabsorprtion,
and Tubular Secretion
7) Be able to tell where (in the drawing from question #5:
1. What’s being filtered, is coming from and going to, i.e. from where to where?
2. What’s being reabsorbed, is coming from and going to, i.e. from where to where?
3. What’s being secreted, is coming from and going to, i.e. from where to where?
8) What factor(s)/event(s) are associated with homeostatic compensation for severe dehydration? (See Silverthorn p.
644)
9) Be able to diagram the sequence of physiological events and anatomical structures involved in providing the
Micturition Reflex. (See Silverthorn, p. 635)
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