PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND MUTATIONS TEST REVIEW
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Fill out the chart below to compare DNA to RNA.
DNA
RNA
Full Name
Type of Macromolecule
Single or Double Stranded
Name of Monomer
Does the monomer contain a phosphate group?
Does the monomer contain a nitrogenous base?
Type of sugar found in it
Four nitrogenous bases it contains
Can it leave the nucleus?
Is it in involved in transcription?
Is it in involved in translation?
Is it involved in replication?
Disposable or permanent copy?
Draw a picture of a DNA monomer. What is it called? Label all of the parts.
Draw a picture of an RNA monomer. What is it called? Label all of the parts.
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
What are the steps for gene expression (protein synthesis)?
How many strands of DNA serve as a template during transcription?
Where in the cell does transcription take place?
What are the three kinds of RNA? Draw a picture of each, and define their function.
What are the steps of transcription?
What are the substances that initiate and stop the transcription process?
Assemble an mRNA molecule based on the following DNA strand:
i. DNA: AGTACCGTACGA
ii. mRNA: _______________
What happens to the mRNA molecule before it leaves the nucleus for translation?
What are introns and exons?
Identify the introns and exons:
mRNA molecule: ACCUGGAAUGCA
code for protein : ACCAAU
introns : __________________ exons : ___________________
Where in the cell translation takes place?
What types of RNA are involved in translation?
Describe the process of translation.
If mRNA codon is UUC, then a tRNA anticodon will be_________.
How do you read the codon wheel? Describe in detail.
How do you read the codon chart? Describe in detail.
Why do multiple codons code for the same amino acid?
If the DNA sequence is CCCTGATGCTTG, determine the mRNA sequence and the amino acid sequence that determines
the expression of a gene. Use the chart to code for the amino acids.
DNA:
mRNA:
amino acid sequence:
What is the end result of translation?
What is a protein? Monomer of a protein? What is the name of the bond that joins together a protein? List a few
cellular functions that proteins carry out.
What is a mutation?
Define Gene Mutations:
i.
Substitutionsii.
Insertionsiii. DeletionsWhat type of mutations lead to frameshift mutations?
Are all mutations harmful? Explain your answer. (Think about the types of substitution mutations)